Hepatic Tanager

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Hepatic Tanager

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Thraupidae
Genus:	Piranga
Species:	P. flava

Binomial name

Piranga flava
Vieillot, 1822

The Hepatic Tanager, Piranga flava, is a medium-sized songbird of the Tanager family, Thraupidae. It is one of five Tanagers found in North America.

The habits of the Hepatic Tanager are similar to those of the Western Tanager.

Its range includes Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico.

It is larger and stockier than other Tanagers and has a relatively short tail and a stout bill. Its brightest color is always on its forehead and throat. In all plumages, it has grey flanks, dusky cheeks, and a dark eye streak. The female is yellow, and the male is red. Its average weight is 1.3 oz (38 g). Its average wingspan is 12.5 in and length 8 inches.

Its call is a low, dry chup like the Hermit Thrush. Its song is clearer than other Tanagers, and it is like the Black-headed Grosbeak. Its flight call is a husky and rising weet.

1 References
2 Further reading

[edit] References

Sibley, David (2003). The Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Western North America. ISBN 0-679-45121-8.
BirdLife International (2004). Piranga flava. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 21 January 2007. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Books

Eddleman, W. R. 2002. Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava). In The Birds of North America, No. 655 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

[edit] Thesis

Greene FP. Ph.D. (1989). Food resources, interspecific aggression, and community organization in a guild of insectivorous birds. Princeton University, United States -- New Jersey.

[edit] Articles

Burns KJ. (1998). Molecular phylogenetics of the genus Piranga: Implications for biogeography and the evolution of morphology and behavior. Auk. vol 115, no 3. p. 621-634.

Chace JE. (2005). Host use by sympatric cowbirds in southeastern Arizona. Wilson Bulletin. vol 117, no 4. p. 375-381.

Cruden RW & Hermann-Parker SM. (1977). Defense of Feeding Sites by Orioles and Hepatic Tanagers in Mexico. Auk. vol 94, no 3. p. 594-596.

Eisenmann E. (1969). Wing Formula as a Means of Distinguishing Summer Tanager Piranga-Rubra from Hepatic Tanager Piranga-Flava. Bird Banding. vol 40, no 2. p. 144-145.

Faustino TC & Machado CG. (2006). Avian frugivory in rocky savana at Chapada diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia. vol 14, no 2. p. 137-143.

Imhof TA. (1982). The Spring Migration March 1-May 31 1982 Central Southern Region USA. American Birds. vol 36, no 5. p. 861-864.

Johnson NK & Garrett KL. (1974). Interior Bird Species Expand Breeding Ranges into Southern California. Western Birds. vol 5, no 2. p. 45-56.

Manhaes MA. (2003). Diet of tanagers (Passeriformes, Emberizidae) in Ibitipoca State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Iheringia Serie Zoologia. vol 93, no 1. p. 59-73.

Mees GF. (1974). Additions to the Avi Fauna of Surinam. Zoologische Mededelingen. vol 48, no 7. p. 55-67.

Melo C. (2001). Diurnal bird visiting of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. in central Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology. vol 61, no 2. p. 311-316.

Morse RJ & Monson G. (1985). Flame-Colored Tanager Piranga-Bidentata New-Record in Arizona USA. American Birds. vol 39, no 5. p. 843-844.

Navas JR, Bo NA & Chebez JC. (1992). Piranga flava saira, new subspecies: A new subspecies for the Argentinian avifauna (Aves, Thraupinae). Neotropica. vol 38, no 100.

Parkes KC. (1969). An Undescribed Subspecies of Hepatic Tanager Piranga-Flava from Colombia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. vol 89, no 3. p. 81-83.

Shepherd TM & Burns KJ. (2007). Intraspecific genetic analysis of the summer tanager Piranga rubra: implications for species limits and conservation. Journal of Avian Biology. vol 38, no 1. p. 13-27.