Henry Ducie Chads

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Henry Ducie Chads (1788-1868), an officer in the British Royal Navy who saw action from the Napoleonic Wars to the Crimean War

He entered the Royal Naval Academy at 12 years of age, and in 1803 embarked aboard the 74-gun ship of the line HMS Excellent, sharing in the defence of Gaeta and the capture of Capri. In July 1808, joined the frigate Iphigenia (36), and during the Mauritius campaign distinguished himself at the occupation of the Île de la Passe, gateway to the Île de France. On the defeat of the British squadron by the French, he was made prisoner, but was rescued from captivity when the British captured Mauritius, and re-appointed first lieutenant of Iphigenia.

In December 1812, as senior Lieutenant of the frigate Java (46), he distinguished himself in the battle between that ship and the American frigate Constitution. Captain Lambert having been mortally wounded, Chads (himself severely wounded) continued the struggle, until compelled to surrender after nearly four hours' fighting. This action secured promotion and the command of the sloop Columbia. Chads afterwards served at Guadaloupe in 1815. In 1823, he was prominent in the expedition against Rangoon, as a result of which he was made Post Captain, created C.B. and received the thanks of the Government of India, and praise in the British House of Commons. He was next engaged in forcing the passage of the Bocca Tigris, September 1834, commanding the Andromache from 1834 to 1837.

In 1841-5 he was on the Chinese station in command of HMS Cambrian, and then commanded the Royal Navy’s gunnery school HMS Excellent. Chads reformed the whole system of naval gunnery, both as regards weight of metal and rapidity of fire. He was promoted Rear Admiral in 1854 and, flying his flag in HMS Edinburgh, was third in command of the fleet sent to the Baltic under Sir Charles Napier, who claimed that Chads ‘knew more about gunnery than any man in the service'. He was one of the leaders in the bombardment and capture of the fortress of Bomarsund. He struck his flag in 1855, and as a reward for his services was created a K.C.B. From 1856 to the end of 1858, he held the command-in-chief in Ireland, and in 1865 was created G.C.B. and received the Admiral's good service pension.