Henrico County, Virginia
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| Henrico County, Virginia | |
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| Map | |
 Location in the state of Virginia |
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 Virginia's location in the USA |
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| Statistics | |
| Founded | information needed |
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| Seat | Richmond |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
634 km² (245 mi²) 617 km² (238 mi²) 17 km² (7 mi²), 2.67% |
| Population - (2000) - Density |
262,300 425/km² |
| Website: www.co.henrico.va.us | |
Henrico County is a county located in the Commonwealth of Virginia, a state of the United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 262,300. It is located in the Richmond-Petersburg region and is a portion of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). Founded in 1634 as one of the eight original shires of Virginia, Henrico is one of the oldest counties in the United States.
The independent city of Richmond was located within Henrico County until a state constitutional change in 1871 created independent cities. Due to the geography in which the James River approaches Richmond from almost due west, and turns almost due south below the fall line for about 8 miles before turning east again, the land within Henrico County currently encompasses much of Metropolitan Richmond's West End, its North Side, and East End areas.
Richmond International Raceway is located in the central portion of Henrico County near Mechanicsville, just north of the City of Richmond corporate limits.
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[edit] History
Henrico County (pronounced Hen-RYE-co) is one of the eight original Shires of Virginia established in 1634 in the Virginia Colony, and one of six considered still extant in their original form (county).
[edit] Henricus
Formed originally as Henrico Shire, and shortly thereafter termed a "county," Henrico County was named for Henricus (also known as Henricopolis and Henrico Town), founded in 1611 by Sir Thomas Dale, a settlement wiped out during the Indian Massacre of 1622.
Cape Henry at the southern mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Henricus, Henrico Cittie, and later Henrico County, were all named for Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of James I of England. Prince Henry showed great promise, and his death from typhoid fever at the age of eighteen was regarded as a tragedy for England.
On, November 18, 1618, the Virginia Company of London, proprietor of the colony, gave instructions on the formation of a laudable government for the Colony to Sir George Yeardley when he departed from London to become full governor of Virginia. As directed, in 1619, Governor Yeardly established four large corporations, termed citties (sic), which were designated to encompass the developed portion of the colony. These were Kecoughtan (later renamed Elizabeth Cittie), James Cittie, Charles Cittie, and Henrico Cittie.
In 1634, the King of England ordered the colony, which numbered about 5,000 settlers, to be divided into eight shires, or counties. One of these original shires )of which six are still considered extant) was Henrico County.
Henrico County originally extended to both the north and south sides of the James River (named in 1607 for King James I). Henrico's first boundaries incorporated an area from which 10 Virginia counties were later formed in whole or in part, as well as the independent cities of Richmond, Charlottesville, and Colonial Heights.
The original site of Henricus was located by archeologists late in the 20th century. On the south side of the James River (across from the original site of Varina, it is now in Chesterfield County, which developed Henricus Historical Park there.
[edit] County Seat, College of William and Mary
The original county seat was at Varina, at the Varina Farms plantation estate across the James River from Henricus where John Rolfe and Pocahontas had lived and their son Thomas Rolfe was born. (In modern times, Varina Farm is still actively cultivated and can be seen from Interstate 295 to the east just north of the Varina-Enon Bridge, not far from the WRVA transmitter site and dual radio towers).
The Henrico-Glebe house at Varina was the location where Reverend Dr. James Blair, rector of Henrico Parish, is believed to have drawn up the plans for a new school, long a goal of the colonists of Virginia. These plans, developed in the last quarter of the 17th century, are believed to have used the earlier plans from Henricus, where a college had been started earlier, as a basis. After his two year mission to England at the request of the House of Burgesses, the charter was granted. The new school became the College of William and Mary at Middle Plantation in 1693, the second oldest school of higher education in the United States.
The county seat remained at Varina until 1752, when it was relocated to the new Henrico County Court House, located at 20th and Main streets in what is now the City of Richmond. There it remained for over 200 years.
In the 1970s, a new county court house complex was built in the western portion of the county. Currently, the county seat is at 4301 East Parham Road, which is inside Henrico County, although the 1752 courthouse was still standing in Richmond (as of 2007).
[edit] American Civil War Battle Sites
During the Civil War, the battles of Seven Pines, Savage's Station, Oak Grove, Garnett's and Golding's Farms, White Oak Swamp, Glendale, and Malvern Hill took place in Henrico County in 1862 during the Peninsula Campaign.
Additional significant battles took place in 1864 during the Overland Campaign prior to and during the Siege of Petersburg, which led to the fall of Richmond. Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart was killed in Henrico County at the Battle of Yellow Tavern on May 12, 1864.
[edit] Transportation
Henrico County is one of only two counties in Virginia that maintain their own roads, the other being Arlington County. This special status was due to the existence of county highway departments prior to the creation of the state agency that is now VDOT in 1927, and the assumption of local roads in most counties by that agency in 1932. (Henrico and Arlington were grandfathered and allowed to continue pre-existing arrangements.) The control of the roads system is considered a powerful advantage for community urban planners, who can require developers to contribute to funding needed for road needs serving the planners' projects.
Henrico County is the site of Richmond International Airport. It also hosts an Amtrak rail passenger station and purchases public bus route services from Greater Richmond Transit Company, a FTA-funded public service company that is owned equally by the City of Richmond and neighboring Chesterfield County.
Interstate highways include Interstate 64, Interstate 95, and Interstate 295. Other major highways include U.S. Route 1, U.S. Route 33, U.S. Route 60, U.S. Route 250, U.S. Route 301, and U.S. Route 360, as well as State Route 5, State Route 6, State Route 33, State Route 73, State Route 150, State Route 161, and State Route 895.
[edit] Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 634 km² (245 mi²). Of that, 617 km² (238 mi²) is land and 17 km² (7 mi²) (2.67%) is water.
[edit] Census-designated Places
- Chamberlayne
- Dumbarton
- East Highland Park
- Glen Allen
- Highland Springs
- Lakeside
- Laurel
- Montrose
- Sandston
- Short Pump
- Tuckahoe
- Varina
- Wyndham
No new municipalities can now be created within Henrico County. There are no existing incorporated towns. It has become the third Virginia county (after Arlington and Fairfax counties) to be affected by a state law that prohibits the creation of any new towns or cities within the boundaries of a county with a population density of 1,000 or more per square mile.
[edit] Demographics
As of the census² of 2000, there were 262,300 people, 108,121 households, and 69,846 families residing in the county. The population density was 425/km² (1,102/mi²). There were 112,570 housing units at an average density of 183/km² (473/mi²). The racial makeup of the county was 68.91% White, 24.71% Black or African American, 0.35% Native American, 3.60% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.98% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. About 2.3% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 108,121 households, out of which 31.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.30% were married couples living together, 13.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.40% were non-families. 28.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the county, the population was spread out with 24.70% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 32.90% from 25 to 44, 22.20% from 45 to 64, and 12.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 88.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.60 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $49,185, and the median income for a family was $59,298. Males had a median income of $40,203 versus $29,795 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,410. About 4.50% of families and 6.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.10% of those under age 18 and 4.50% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Form of Government
Henrico County is managed by an appointed County Manager who answers directly to the Board of Supervisors. The current County Manager is Virgil Hazelett.
The Board of Supervisors are:
- Brookland District - Richard W. Glover
- Fairfield District - Frank J. Thornton
- Three Chopt District - David A. Kaechele
- Tuckahoe District - Patricia S. O'Bannon
- Varina District - James B. Donati Jr.
[edit] Education
- The school division known as Henrico County Public Schools consists of 43 elementary schools, 11 middle schools, and 9 high schools within one school district.
- In the year 2001, HCPS began distributing Apple iBooks to every high school student. In 2003 they extended the program to middle schools.
- In the year 2005, the HCPS School Board decided to replace the iBooks with Dell's Inspiron 600M at the High School level.
- In the year 2006, the HCPS School Board decided to continue using Apple iBooks at the Middle School level, purchasing nearly 13,000 laptops in a contract worth $15.8 million.
[edit] Notable facts
- Henrico County is the location of Richmond International Raceway, home to NASCAR races several times a year.
- Henrico County is the county that handles hazardous material spills and related problems (with three HAZMAT Teams) for the entire Central Virginia Region. Partly because of this, Central Virginia has total interoperability of Emergency Communications (Police, Fire, Recreation and Parks, Volunteer Rescue Squads, etc.) between the cities and more than ten counties.
- Henrico County has the highest Bond rating (Triple, triple-A) from the three bond rating agencies in the United States, which means Henrico is known nationwide for its solid fiscal responsibility.
[edit] External links
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The Greater Richmond Region |
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| Regional Divisions |
The West End | The Fan | Downtown | Southside | North Side | Mechanicsville | The East End | Tri-Cities / Petersburg | Varina-Enon |
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| Surrounding Counties: |
Chesterfield | Hanover | Henrico | Goochland |
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| Other Counties: |
Amelia | Caroline | Charles City | Cumberland | Dinwiddie | King and Queen | King William | Louisa | New Kent | Powhatan | Prince George | Sussex |
