Henderson County, North Carolina
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| {{{county}}}, North Carolina | |
| Image:Henderson County nc seal.jpg | |
| Map | |
| [[Image:Map of North Carolina highlighting {{{county}}}.svg|200px|Map of North Carolina highlighting ]] Location in the state of North Carolina |
|
 North Carolina's location in the USA |
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| Statistics | |
| Founded | 1838 |
|---|---|
| Seat | Hendersonville |
| Area - Total - Land - Water |
972 km² (375 mi²) sq mi ( km²) 3 km² (1 mi²), 0.28% |
| Population - (2000) - Density |
89,173 92/km² |
| Website: www.hendersoncountync.org | |
Henderson County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2000, the population was 89,173. Its county seat is Hendersonville6.
Contents |
[edit] History
The county was formed in 1838 from the southern part of Buncombe County. It was named for Leonard Henderson, Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court from 1829 to 1833.
In 1855 parts of Henderson County and Rutherford County were combined to form Polk County, and in 1861 parts of Henderson County and Jackson County were combined to form Transylvania County.
Henderson County, which in 1861 encompassed present-day Transylvania County as well, contributed 1,296 soldiers to the Confederate States Army out of its approximately 10,000 population, as well as 130 Union troops. (Figures from Terrell T. Garren's "Mountain Myth: Unionism in Western North Carolina, published 2006).
Henderson County government was centered in the historic Courthouse (erected 1905) on Main Street, until this structure was replaced by the new Courthouse (c. 1995) on Grove Street.
The first rail line reached Hendersonville in 1879, ushering in a new era of access to the outside world. However, parts of the county had long been known as retreats, including the "Little Charleston" of Flat Rock, in which South Carolina's Low Country planter families had maintained second homes since the early 1800's.
A major land boom ensued in the 1920's, culminating in the crash of 1929, which severely deflated prices and left structures such as the Fleetwood Hotel atop Jumpoff Mountain incomplete.
Other notable historic sites in Henderson County include the Woodfield Inn (1852), Connemara (final home of Carl Sandburg and originally known as Rock Hill, the home of CSA Secretary of the Treasury Memminger) and St. John in the Wilderness Episcopal Church.
[edit] Law and government
Henderson County is a member of the Land-of-Sky Regional Council of governments. It is governed by the five-member Henderson County Board of Commissioners, with Bill Moyer currently serving as chairman.
[edit] Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 971 km² (375 mi²). 969 km² (374 mi²) of it is land and 3 km² (1 mi²) of it (0.28%) is water. The county's largest body of water is Lake Summit, a reservoir impounded by the Duke Power Company for hydroelectric generation.
Henderson County is a county in North Carolina's Mountain region, but is characterized by an extensive plateau along the French Broad and Mills River valleys. The county seat is situated in a bowl surrounded by mountains. The lowest point in the county is to be found along the Rocky Broad River at approximately 1,200 feet, and the high point is located on Young Pisgah Mountain at approximately 5,200 feet. The county's major streams are the French Broad River, Green River, Little River, Mud Creek, Clear Creek, Cane Creek and Hungry River.
[edit] Townships
The county is divided into eight townships: Blue Ridge, Clear Creek, Crab Creek, Edneyville, Green River, Hendersonville, Hoopers Creek, and Mills River.
[edit] Adjacent Counties
- Buncombe County, North Carolina - north
- Rutherford County, North Carolina - northeast
- Polk County, North Carolina - east
- Greenville County, South Carolina - south
- Transylvania County, North Carolina - west
[edit] Demographics
As of the census² of 2000, there were 89,173 people, 37,414 households, and 26,339 families residing in the county. The population density was 92/km² (238/mi²). There were 42,996 housing units at an average density of 44/km² (115/mi²). The racial makeup of the county was 92.52% White, 3.06% Black or African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.51% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. 5.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The county contains a large but undefined illegal immigrant population, predominantly Mexican in origin, but also coming from other Latin American countries and also countries of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Illegal residents living in Henderson County may number over 5,000. Interestingly, today Russian is the second-largest foreign language in use in Western North Carolina (primarily Asheville and vicinity), after Spanish.
There were 37,414 households out of which 26.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% were married couples living together, 8.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.60% were non-families. 25.70% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.78.
In the county the population was spread out with 20.80% under the age of 18, 6.40% from 18 to 24, 26.10% from 25 to 44, 25.10% from 45 to 64, and 21.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 93.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.50 males. Henderson County is characterized by its exceptionally large retiree population. Its demographics are comparable to some of the top retiree destinations in Florida, producing a pronounced deviation in favor of the 65 and older population in public policy and accommodation.
The median income for a household in the county was $38,109, and the median income for a family was $44,974. Males had a median income of $31,845 versus $23,978 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,110. About 6.80% of families and 9.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.50% of those under age 18 and 8.30% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Cities and towns
- Balfour
- Barker Heights
- East Flat Rock
- Etowah
- Flat Rock
- Fletcher
- Hendersonville
- Laurel Park
- Mountain Home
- Saluda
- Valley Hill
- Mills River
Henderson County currently has five incorporated towns/cities: Hendersonville, Fletcher, Flat Rock, Laurel Park and Mills River. Of these, only Hendersonville, the county seat, possesses the typical characteristics of a dense urban center with significant population. Mills River recently became a town. The other incorporations, particularly Mills River and Flat Rock, were created for the purpose of preserving specific cultural/historic areas, and to prevent annexation by adjoining towns and cities. Fletcher is the most "urban" of the remaining areas, but was also formed to avoid annexation by municipalities in adjoining Buncombe County.
Apples require extensive winter chilling, and do not tolerate summer heat and humidity well, so Henderson County, with its cooler climate due to its elevation represents about the southern limit for commercial apple growing. Apples have been the traditional agricultural crop in Henderson County, especially since World War II, but are today being superseded by land development (for housing and light industrial development). However, the tradition of honoring the local apple industry persists in the county's annual Apple Festival, held each year around Labor Day, and culminating in the "King Apple Parade" attended by tens of thousands of spectators.
