Hebeloma crustuliniforme

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Hebeloma crustuliniforme
H. crustuliniforme, woods near Paris, France
H. crustuliniforme,
woods near Paris, France
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Homobasidiomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Cortinariaceae
Genus: Hebeloma
Species: H. crustuliniforme
Binomial name
Hebeloma crustuliniforme
(Bull. ex St. Amans.)Quél.
Hebeloma crustuliniforme
mycological characteristics:
 
gills on hymenium
 

cap is umbonate

 

hymenium is adnate

 

stipe is bare

 

spore print is brown

 

ecology is mycorrhizal

 

edibility: poisonous

Hebeloma crustuliniforme, commonly known as poison pie or fairy cakes, or frosted flakes, is a gilled mushroom of the genus Hebeloma found in Europe and North America, and has been introduced into Australia. Its specific name derives from the Latin crustulum or little biscuit. Despite the appetising name, it is definitely not edible.[1]

Contents

[edit] Description

The buff to pale tan cap is 4-10 cm in diameter, convex then umbonate with an inrolled cap margin until old. The gills are pale grey-brown and exude droplets in moist conditions. The stipe is 4-7 cm high and bears no ring, while the thick flesh is white. The fungus has a radish-like smell and bitter taste.[2]

[edit] Distribution and habitat

A common mushroom, Hebeloma crustuliniforme can be found in open woodland and heathland in summer and autumn, though may extend through winter in places with milder winters such as California. [3]

[edit] Toxicity

This fungus is poisonous, the symptoms being those of a severe gastrointestinal nature, namely vomiting, diarrhoea and colicky abdominal pain several hours after consumption.[4] As yet, the toxic agents have not been identified.[5][6]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Nilsson, S. & Persson, O. (1977) Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill Fungi. Penguin Books.
  2. ^ Phillips R (1985). Mushrooms of Great Britain and Europe. Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-26441-9. 
  3. ^ Phillips R (1991). Mushrooms of North America. Little, Brown & Co.. ISBN. 
  4. ^ North, Pamela (1967). Poisonous Plants and Fungi in colour. Blandford Press & Pharmacological Society of Great Britain. 
  5. ^ Benjamin DR. "Hebeloma crustuliniforme": 362-363.  in: (1995) Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas — a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians. New York: WH Freeman and Company. 
  6. ^ Price HW (1927) Mushroom poisoning due to Hebeloma crustuliniforme American Journal of Diseases of Childhood 34 441-442
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