Heads of state of Hungary
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For Heads of State in the Kingdom of Hungary, please visit the List of Hungarian rulers.
[edit] The first republic
The 1848 revolution had particular impact on the Kingdom of Hungary. The Magyars wanted to establish a Hungarian state, while the Croats sought autonomous government and separation from Hungary.
The independent Hungarian state was proclaimed on 14 April 1849, with Lajos Kossuth as Governor-President. On 13 August 1849, the Habsburgs reasserted their authority with the help of Russian troops.
| Affiliation | Ruler | Reigns of rulers | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary declared complete independence from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on October 17, 1918 and formed the First Republic (as the 1849 state is not counted) | |||
| Mihály Károlyi | 16 November 1918 – 21 March 1919 | president of the republic | |
| Hungarian Party of Communists | Sándor Garbai | 21 March – 1 August 1919 | Romania invades Hungary. |
| Acting Head of State | Gyula Peidl | 1 August – 6 August 1919 | Title: president of the republic |
| First Republic abolished. | |||
| Archduke Joseph August of Austria | 6 August – 23 October 1919 | Regent | |
| István Friedrich | 23 October – 24 November 1919 | president of the republic | |
| Károly Huszár | 24 November 1919 – 1 March 1920 | president of the republic | |
| Monarchy Restored | |||
| Regent | Miklós Horthy | 1 March 1920 – 15 October 1944 | Head of state. (No king at the throne) |
| Arrow Cross puppet-government in part of the country, occupied by Nazis | Ferenc Szálasi | 16 October 1944 – 28 March 1945 | Hungary is occupied by Nazi Germany. |
| anti-Nazi government (to April 1945: in part of the country, freed of Nazis) | Béla Miklós | 21 December 1944 – 2 February 1946 | Hungary is occupied by the Red Army. |
| Second Hungarian Republic | |||
| Independent Smallholders' Party | Zoltán Tildy | 2 February 1946 – 2 August 1948 | president of the republic |
| Hungarian Workers Party | Árpád Szakasits | 2 August 1948 – 26 April 1950 | president of the republic |
| Renamed the "People's Republic of Hungary" | |||
| Hungarian Workers Party | Sándor Rónai | 26 April 1950 – 14 August 1952 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | István Dobi | 14 August 1952 – 13 April 1967 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | |||
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Pál Losonczi | 13 April 1967 – 25 June 1987 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Károly Németh | 25 June 1987 – 29 June 1988 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Brunó Ferenc Straub | 29 June 1988 – 18 October 1989 | chairman of the Council of President |
| Third Hungarian Republic | |||
| Hungarian Socialist Workers Party | Mátyás Szűrös | 18 October 1989 – 2 May 1990 | Interim President |
| Alliance of Free Democrats | Árpád Göncz | 2 May 1990 – 4 August 2000 | president of the republic |
| Non-partisan | Ferenc Mádl | 4 August 2000 – 5 August 2005 | president of the republic |
| Non-partisan | László Sólyom | 5 August 2005 – (incumbent) | president of the republic |
[edit] General Secretaries of the Hungarian Communist/Socialist Workers' Party (1945-1989)
- Mátyás Rákosi: February 1945 – 18 July 1956
- Ernő Gerő: 21 July – 25 October 1956
- János Kádár: 25 October 1956 – 22 May 1988
- Károly Grósz: 22 May 1988 – 7 October 1989
