He-Umezu Agreement
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On May 29th, 1935 General Yoshijiro Umezu, Commander of the China Garrison Army in Tientsin, on the pretext that a pro Japanese head of a news service had been killed made the following six demands on Gen. He Yingqin, Acting Chairman of the Peiping National Military Council:
- [1] That Gen. Yu Hsueh-chung retire and the Hopei Provincial Government move to Paoting.
- [2] That the Government forces pull out of Hopei.
- [3] That Mayor Chang Ting-ngo of Tientsin and Li Chun-hsiang, Chief of Police be replaced and that Chiang Hsiao-hsien, Commander of the 3rd MP Regiment and Tseng Kuang-ching, Director of the Political Training Department be relieved.
- [4] That the Hopei provincial and municipal KMT party headquarters and the Political Department of the Peiping National Military Council cease their activities and that anti-Japanese organizations be disbanded.
- [5] That the assassins of the head of the pro-Japanese news service be apprehended and dealt with and that the losses suffered by the victim be compensated.
- [6] That publications hostile to Japan be repressed.
Negotiations through diplomatic channels were of no avail, because the local Japanese military authoities could not be restrained. Under the cover of troop rotations the Japanese reinforced their forces in the Peiking-Tientsin area and threatened drastic action if their demands were not agreed to in full. Not prepared at the time to go to war with Japan, the Chinese government was forced to comply. General He signed the He-Umezu Agreement on June 10, 1935.
Source:
Hsu Long-hsuen and Chang Ming-kai, History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) 2nd Ed. ,1971. Translated by Wen Ha-hsiung , Chung Wu Publishing; 33, 140th Lane, Tung-hwa Street, Taipei, Taiwan Republic of China. Pg. 161-162
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