Harz

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Harz is a mountain range in northern Germany. The northernmost mountain chain of Germany, it straddles the border between the states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. The name Harz derives from a Middle High German word meaning "forest".

1 Geography
2 History
3 Towns in the Harz and near the Harz
4 Transport in the Harz
5 Rivers originating in the Harz
6 External links

[edit] Geography

The Harz has a length of 95 km (southeast to northwest) and a width of 35 km. It occupies an area of about 2000 km², and reaches its highest point at the Brocken (1141 m), situated in Saxony-Anhalt. The Wurmberg (971 m) is the highest peak in the Lower Saxony part. 600,000 people live in towns and villages of the Harz mountains.

Harz

Bode

Bode Gorge

The Harz is divided into the Upper Harz (Oberharz) in the northwest and the Lower Harz (Unterharz) in the southeast. The Upper Harz has a higher elevation and features fir forests, while the Lower Harz gradually descends towards the surrounding land and has deciduous forests mingled with meadows.

The Harz National Park is located in the Harz; it covers the Brocken and surrounding wilderness areas.

[edit] History

The settlement of the Harz began only 1000 years ago. In ancient times dense forests made the region inaccessible. 968 saw the discovery of silver deposits near the town of Goslar, and mines became established in the following centuries throughout the mountains. The wealth of the region declined after these mines became exhausted in the early 19th century. People abandoned the towns for a short time, but prosperity eventually returned with tourism. Between 1945 and 1990 an international border ran through the Harz, the west belonging to the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the east to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Today the Harz forms a popular tourist destination for summer hiking as well as winter sports.

[edit] Towns in the Harz and near the Harz

[edit] Transport in the Harz

The Harz Narrow Gauge Railway (German: Harzer Schmalspurbahnen) is a very popular mode of transport, especially with tourists. Many people come to the Harz mountains just for this old fashioned steam train.

Aside from that, the Harz is connected to the rest of Germany by motorway A7 from Hamburg, Hannover or Kassel to Seesen/Rhüden and Lautenthal, A395 from Braunschweig to Bad Harzburg, the national roads B6, B 27, B 234 and many others. The motorway A 38 south of the Harz mountains connecting Leipzig and Göttingen is currently partly finished, partly under construction.