Harvey Leibenstein

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Harvey Leibenstein (1922 – 1994) was an American economist. He introduced the term X-efficiency.

The X-efficiency describes the costs of monopolies when they lack competitors. Leibenstein could demonstrate the diffuculties with determine the market price of a monopolist’s product which John Maurice Clark used to evaluate the qualitity of monopolies. The Term x-efficiency is also used in the theory of bureaucracy.

[edit] Important works

Allocative efficiency v. "x-efficiency" in American Economic Review 1966

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