Harro Schulze-Boysen
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Harro Schulze-Boysen (born 2 September 1909 in Kiel, died 22 December 1942 in Berlin-Plötzensee, executed) was a German officer, commentator, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime in Germany.
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[edit] Early life
Schulze-Boysen was the son of decorated naval officer Erich Schulze. His mother was Luise (née Boysen). On his father's side, he also counted Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz among his kin.
He spent his youth in Duisburg. In 1923, when he was 14, he found himself in the middle of the occupation of the Ruhr by French and Belgian troops. Schulze-Boysen's participation in the struggle against the occupiers brought about his swift arrest by the French.
[edit] Political activities
In 1928, he joined the Jungdeutscher Orden, a youth organization in the Weimar Republic and the Studentenverbindung Albingia. He studied law in Freiburg (Baden-Württemberg), and Berlin, without finishing. In 1930, he supported an intellectual-nationalistic group called the Volksnationale Reichsvereinigung ("People's National Imperial Union"), had contacts with the French magazine Plans in 1931, which sought the establishment of a Europe-wide collective economic system. The same year, he published the left-liberal Der Gegner founded by Franz Jung and modelled on Plans. Although he was leaning towards the political left, he maintained his contacts to nationalistic circles.
In 1932, he organized the Treffen der revolutionären Jugend Europas ("Meeting of Europe's Revolutionary Youth"), with over a hundred participants. He also advocated the abolition of the capitalist system, and the liquidation of the Diktat of Versailles.
In April 1933, the offices of Der Gegner were destroyed by Brown Shirt thugs, and Schulze-Boysen was roughed up, had crooked crosses scratched in his skin, and was held in confinement for several days. He was released after his parents intervened. In May 1933 he began pilot training at Warnemünde and from 1934 he was working in the communications department of the Reich Air Transport Ministry (Reichsluftfahrtministerium) in Berlin.
[edit] Resistance activities
Beginning in 1935, he gathered around himself a circle of left-leaning anti-fascists, among them artists, pacifists, and Communists. The circle published anti-fascist writings. In 1936, he married Libertas Haas-Heye, a press officer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, who likewise joined the resistance group. In 1939, Schulze-Boysen made contact with Arvid Harnack and his circle, and also with the Communists Hilde and Hans Coppi. From these meetings arose what the Gestapo would call the Red Orchestra (Rote Kapelle) resistance group.
In 1940-1941, the group was in wireless contact with Soviet agents, and was thereby trying to thwart the forthcoming German aggression upon the Soviet Union. (As a first lieutenant on the Luftwaffe Leadership Staff, Schulze-Boysen had access to secret documents.)
[edit] Arrest and death
In July 1942, the Decryption Department of the Oberkommando des Heeres managed to decode the group's radio messages, and the Gestapo pounced. On 31 August, Harro and Libertas Schulze-Boysen were arrested. They were sentenced to death on 19 December and executed three days later at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin.
[edit] Memorials
In the Berlin borough of Lichtenberg in 1972, a street was named after the Schulze-Boysens (see link below).
In the picture at right appear the following lines:
- "Wenn wir auch sterben sollen,
- So wissen wir: Die Saat
- Geht auf. Wenn Köpfe rollen, dann
- Zwingt doch der Geist den Staat."
- "Glaubt mit mir an die gerechte Zeit, die alles reifen lässt!"
- "Even if we should die,
- We know this: The seed
- Bears fruit. If heads roll, then
- The spirit nevertheless forces the state."
- "Believe with me in the just time that lets everything ripen."
[edit] External links
- Works by and about Harro Schulze-Boysen in the German National Library catalogue
- Lebendiges Museum Online
- Berlingeschichte.de: Schulze-Boysen-Straße (both in German)
[edit] Source
- Linked German article
