Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
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In human genetics, Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents, the macro-haplogroup M is a branch of the African haplogroup L3, and is believed to have originated in Africa some 60 to 80,000 years before present.
The two haplogroups M and N are believed to represent the initial migration of modern humans out of Africa. Haplogroup M in particular represents the dispersal of modern humans into Eurasia some 60 to 80,000 years ago along the southern Asian coastline.
Among the subgroups of M are M*, M1, C, D, E, G, Q, and Z.
Owing to its great age, haplogroup M is one of those mtDNA lineages which does not correspond well to present-day racial groups, as it spans Siberian, East Asian, Southeast Asian, Central Asian, South Asian, Melanesian as well as Ethiopian, Caucasian, and various Middle Eastern groups in lesser frequency.
[edit] See also
- Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups
- Human mitochondrial genetics
- Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia
[edit] External links
- Spread of Haplogroup M, from National Geographic
- Tree of M haplogroup as for 2006
- The India Genealogical DNA Project
- Another tree emphasizing the Andamanese and Nicobarese populations in comparison with other peoples with high M presence
- K.Tharanghaj et al. In situ origin of deep rooting lineages of mitochondrial Macrohaplogroup M in India (PDF document)
| mt-most recent common ancestor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L0 | L1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L2 | L3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| M1 | CZ | D | E | G | Q | A | I | W | X | R | N1 | N2 | Y | ||||||||||||||
| C | Z | B | F | pre-JT | P | U | |||||||||||||||||||||
| JT | K | pre-HV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| J | T | HV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
