Haplogroup I1a (Y-DNA)

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In human genetics, Haplogroup I1a (M253, M307, P30, P40) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup occurring at greatest frequency in Scandinavia. It displays a very clear frequency gradient, with a peak frequency of approximately 35% among the populations of southern Norway, southwestern Sweden, and Denmark, and rapidly decreasing frequencies toward the edges of the historically Germanic-influenced world. Bryan Sykes in his book Blood of the Isles & his other book Saxons, Vikings & Celts gives the populations associated with I1a the name of the nordic deity Wodan for a clan patriarch, much as he did for mitochondrial haplogroups in his work The Seven Daughters of Eve.

Outside Fennoscandia, distribution of Haplogroup I1a is closely correlated with that of Haplogroup I1b2; but among Scandinavians (including both Germanic and Uralic peoples of the region) nearly all the Haplogroup I Y-chromosomes are I1a. Another characteristic of the Scandinavian I1a Y-chromosomes is their rather low haplotype diversity (STR diversity): a greater variety of Haplogroup I1a Y-chromosomes has been found among the French and Italians, despite the much lower overall frequency of Haplogroup I1a among the modern French and Italian populations. It is conjectured that this shared ancestral population of I1a and I2b, distinct from I1b1*, may have weathered the last ice age in a refuge located somewhere in the Iberian Peninsula or southern France, or perhaps the Italian Peninsula; after the end of the ice age, some of them headed northward and repopulated Northwest Europe and Scandinavia. This population appears to have carried haplogroups I1a and I1b2 at significant frequencies, with a numerical superiority of Haplogroup I1a. Their descendants are primarily found among the Germanic populations of Northern Europe and the bordering Uralic and Celtic populations. Although even in traditionally Germanic demographics, the carriers of I1a are often overshadowed by the more prevalent carriers of Haplogroup R.

1 Modal haplotypes of I1a
2 Technical specification of mutation
3 Subclades
4 See also
5 External links

[edit] Modal haplotypes of I1a

Professor Ken Nordtvedt has given the following 'Modal Haplotypes' within the I1a haplogroup according to examples found in I1a populations. [1]

I1a Anglo-Saxon (I1a-AS) Has its peak gradient in the Germanic lowland countries: north Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, as well as the British Isles & old Norman regions of France.

DYS number	385a	385b	388	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	426	437	439	447	448	449	454	455	458	459a	459b
Haplotype	13	14	14	12	28	22	10	11	13	11	16	11	23	20	28	11	8	15	8	9

DYS number	425	438	441	442	444	445	446	452	456	460	461	462	463	464a	464b	464c	464d	570	576	607	CDYa	CDYb	YCAIIa	YCAIIb
Haplotype	12	10	16	12	13	11	13	12	14	10	12	12	19	12	14	15	16	—	—	14	—	—	19	21

I1a Norse (I1a-N) Has its peak gradient in Sweden.

DYS number	385a	385b	388	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	426	437	439	447	448	449	454	455	458	459a	459b
Haplotype	14	14	14	12	28	23	10	11	13	11	16	11	23	20	28	11	8	15	8	9

DYS number	425	438	441	442	444	445	446	452	456	460	461	462	463	464a	464b	464c	464d	570	576	607	CDYa	CDYb	YCAIIa	YCAIIb
Haplotype	12	10	16	12	13	11	13	12	14	10	12	13	19	12	14	15	16	—	—	14	—	—	19	21

I1a Norse-Bothnia (I1a-N-Finn) Has its peak gradient in Finland.

DYS number	385a	385b	388	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	426	437	439	447	448	449	454	455	458	459a	459b
Haplotype	14	14	14	12	28	23	10	11	13	11	16	10	23	20	28;29	11	8	15	8	9

DYS number	425	438	441	442	444	445	446	452	456	460	461	462	463	464a	464b	464c	464d	570	576	607	CDYa	CDYb	YCAIIa	YCAIIb
Haplotype	12	10	16	12	13	11	13	12	14	10	12	13	19	12	14	15	15	—	—	14	—	—	19	21

I1a Ultra-Norse Type 1 (I1a-uN1) Has its peak gradient in Norway.

DYS number	385a	385b	388	389i	389ii	390	391	392	393	426	437	439	447	448	449	454	455	458	459a	459b
Haplotype	14	15	14	12	28	23	10	11	13	11	16	11	23	20	28;29	11	8	15	8	9

DYS number	425	438	441	442	444	445	446	452	456	460	461	462	463	464a	464b	464c	464d	570	576	607	CDYa	CDYb	YCAIIa	YCAIIb
Haplotype	12	10	16	12	13	11	13	12	14	10	12	13	19	12	14	15	16	—	—	14	—	—	19	21