Hannibal Gisco
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Hannibal Gisco (circa 300-290 - 260 BCE) was a Carthaginian military commander in charge of both land armies and naval fleets during the First Punic War against Rome. His efforts proved ultimately unsuccessful and his eventual defeat in battle led to his downfall and execution.
Hannibal Gisco should not be confused with Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca, the Carthaginian leader of the Second Punic War.
The details of Hannibal Gisco's early life and career are unknown.
Hannibal Gisco's first appearance in the sources is in 261 BC, as the general in command of the garrison besieged by the Romans in Agrigentum. Despite the tenacity shown by Gisco and his men for months and the arrival of reinforcements led by Hanno, the city eventually fell into Roman hands. Gisco managed to escape to Carthage in the late stages of the battle. Apparently, this defeat - owing more to Roman persistence in siege than to any incompetence of his own - did not bar Gisco from continuing leadership. In the following year (260 BCE, Gisco returned as the admiral in charge of the Carthaginian fleet in the Straits of Messina. The Romans were about to launch their first ever navy, and Carthage had determined that this innovation should be thwarted. Gisco defeated and captured the Roman consul Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Asina in the Lipari encounter; the nickname Asina (=donkey) was earned in this encounter; however, this victory was robbed of practical meaning with the bulk of the Roman fleet continuing to manoeuvre in the surrounding waters. Later in 260 BC, Gisco was to engage this fleet and to be the first Punic general to encounter the Roman corvus boarding device with its deadly effect. Confident in Carthage's superiority at sea, Gisco deployed his ships for the Battle of Mylae in the traditional long line arrangement. Although inexperienced in sea battle, the Romans, led by consul Gaius Duilius, heavily defeated the Carthaginian fleet, mainly due to the innovative use of land tactics in naval warfare. Having lost the confidence of his peers, Hannibal Gisco was subsequently executed for incompetence shortly afterwards, together with other defeated Punic generals.
