Half dollar (United States coin)

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The Half Dollar of the United States, sometimes known as the fifty-cent piece, has been produced nearly every year since the inception of the United States Mint in 1794. The only U.S. coin that has been minted on a more consistent basis is the penny. However, the half dollar's circulation, aside from use in some casinos and movie theaters, has declined significantly.

This is primarily due to a confluence of two events: the silver crisis of 1963, and the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. The value of silver had risen by 1962-63 to the point that it became worthwhile to melt down U.S. coins for their bullion value. U.S. Silver coins (those of ten cent value and above, which contained 90% silver through 1964) began to disappear from circulation, leading the United States to change to layered composition coins made of a copper core laminated between two cupro-nickel outer faces for the 1965 - present coinage years. The Kennedy half-dollar design, however, continued to be minted in a 40% silver-clad composition from 1965–1970. Some treasury pundits have referred to the coin as the "fitty", mostly as a dismissive term reflecting its lack of usage in today's currency.

Initially the Kennedy halves were hoarded for sentimental reasons and because they were recognized as the only precious metal U.S. coin remaining in circulation. By the time mintage figures could match normal demand and the coin's composition was changed to match the rest of the (non silver) coinage in 1971, both businesses and the public had adapted to a world in which the half dollar did not generally circulate. Other uses had been found for the half-dollar section of the cash drawer. People had gotten used to depending on quarters as the major component of change.

Most coins enter circulation through the change drawers of businesses. Hardly any businesses stock their change drawers with half dollars or dollar coins, and many banks do not stock these coins and/or hand them out as normal business practice, so the coins do not see much circulation.

Contents 1 Early history 2 List of designs 3 Trivia 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Early history

• On December 1, 1794 the first half dollars (approximately 5,300 pieces) – were delivered. Another 18,000 were produced in January 1795 but these coins were produced with a die of 1794, because dies were too expensive to throw out because of the date.^[1]

• Due to the high production of half dollars from the 1790s, another 30,000 pieces were struck by the end of 1801. The coin had the Heraldic Eagle, based on the Great Seal of the United States on the reverse.^[1]

• One of the great mysteries of half dollars was the 150,000 that were minted in 1804 without one specimen known to exist. The coinage of 1804 was struck with dies from 1803, accounting for the reason.^[1]

• In 1838, half dollar dies were sent to a branch mint for the first time. The dies were sent to New Orleans and in 1839, the New Orleans Mint struck nearly 180,000 half dollars. These are the only collectible Capped Bust half dollars that were produced by this facility.^[1]

[edit] List of designs

• Silver half dollars
  • Flowing Hair 1794–1795
  • Draped Bust 1796–1807
    • Draped Bust, Small Eagle 1796–1797
    • Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle 1801–1807
  • Capped Bust, 1807–1839
  • Seated Liberty 1839–1891
    • Seated Liberty, No Motto 1839–1866
    • Seated Liberty, With Motto 1866–1891
  • Barber 1892–1915
  • Walking Liberty 1916–1947
  • Franklin 1948–1963
  • Kennedy 1964, 1992–Present (Proof Only)
• 40% silver half dollars
  • Kennedy 1965–1970
  • Kennedy 1976
• Copper-nickel clad half dollars
  • Kennedy 1971–1974, 1977–2000, 2001–Present (issued for collectors only, not in circulation)
    • Kennedy Bicentennial 1975–1976 (all were dated 1776-1976)

In addition to these regular issue coins, Half dollars are the most common denomination used for United States Commemorative Coins.

[edit] Trivia

Rolls of half dollars are kept on hand in cardrooms in the United States for games requiring 50-cent antes or bring-in bets, or where the house collects a rake in increments of 50 cents (usually in low-limit seven-card stud and its variants).

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• http://www.acoin.com/regular50c.htm
• http://www.coinfacts.com/half_dollars/kennedy_half_dollars/kennedy_half_dollars.html

v • d • e United States currency and coinage
Topics	Federal Reserve System · Federal Reserve Note · U.S. dollar · U.S. Mint
Current coinage	Cent (penny) · Nickel (5¢) · Dime (10¢) · Quarter dollar · Half dollar · Dollar
Paper money	$1 · $2 · $5 · $10 · $20 · $50 · $100 · Larger denominations
See also	Commemoratives · Confederate dollar · Fake denominations · Obsolete denominations