Haim Weizman
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Haim Azriel Weizman | |
 Harry S. Truman and Haim Weizman, May 25, 1948 |
|
|
|
|
| In office February 16, 1949 – 9 November 1952 |
|
| Preceded by | None |
|---|---|
| Succeeded by | Yitzhak Ben-Zvi |
|
|
|
| Born | November 27, 1874 Motal', Russian Empire |
| Died | 9 November 1952 |
| Spouse | Vera Weizman |
Haim Azriel Weizman (Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן, also known as Chaijim Weizmann or Chaim Weizmann, November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) was a chemist, statesman, President of the World Zionist Organization, first President of Israel (elected February 1, 1949, served 1949 - 1952) and founder of a research institute in Israel which eventually became the Weizmann Institute of Science.
Weizman was born in a small village Motol (Motyli, now Motal') near Pinsk (Russian Empire, now in Belarus) and graduated in chemistry from the University of Fribourg in Switzerland in 1899. He lectured in chemistry at the University of Geneva (1901-3) and later taught at the University of Manchester.
He became a British subject in 1910, and in World War I he was (1916-19) director of the British Admiralty laboratories. He became famous because he discovered how to use bacterial fermentation to produce large quantities of desired substances and is nowadays considered to be the father of industrial fermentation. He used the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum (the Weizman organism) to produce acetone. Acetone was used in the manufacture of cordite explosive propellants critical to the Allied war effort (see Royal Navy Cordite Factory, Holton Heath). Weizman transferred the rights to the manufacture of acetone to Commercial Solvents Corporation in exchange for royalties.
In 1917, he worked with Lord Balfour on the Balfour Declaration. A founder of so-called synthetic Zionism, Weizman supported grass-roots colonization efforts as well as higher-level diplomatic activity. Siding with neither Labour Zionism on the left or Revisionist Zionism on the right, Weizman was generally associated with the centrist General Zionists.
On January 3, 1919, he and the future King Faisal I of Iraq signed the Faisal Weizman Agreement establishing the relations between Arabs and Jews in the Middle East. After 1920, he assumed leadership in the world Zionist movement, serving twice (1920-31, 1935-46) as president of the World Zionist Organization. In 1921, Weizman went along with the well-known Jewish physicist Albert Einstein for a fund-raiser to establish a Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
In World War II, he was an honorary adviser to the British Ministry of Supply and did research on synthetic rubber and high-octane gasoline. (Formerly Allied-controlled sources of rubber were largely inacessible due to Japanese occupation during World War II, giving rise to heightened interest in such innovations.)
He met with United States President Harry Truman and worked to obtain the support of the United States for the establishment of the State of Israel. Weizman became the first president upon the foundation of Israel in 1948. At Rehovot, where he lived, Weizman founded a research institute (now the Weizman Institute of Science). He wrote many papers for scientific journals. His nephew Ezer Weizman also became president of Israel.
|
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Biography at the Jewish Agency site
- Biographical notes at the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Weizman Institute of Science Website
- Webpage on Haim Weizman's laboratory at the Weizman Institute (includes info and links on Weizman's scientific work)
| Preceded by David Ben-Gurion |
Chairmen of the Provisional State Council May 17, 1948 - February 17, 1949 |
Succeeded by ceased to exist |
