Hadith of the Umrah of Sa'd
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A Hadith, a recorded oral tradition among Muslims, deals with a visit the Muslim Sa'd ibn Mua'dh made to Mecca in order to make a smaller pilgrimage (Arabic: Umrah). He was accompanied by his non-Muslim friend Umayyah ibn Khalaf. In Mecca, a quarrel started between Da'd and Amr ibn Hishām that would have implications to the Battle of Badr.
Although the narration is prominently quoted and referred to, it is not given any formal name, in contrast to other hadith such as the Hadith of the pond of Khumm or the Hadith of Qur'an and Sunnah
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[edit] Narration
The map includes Tayma, Khaybar, Yanbu and Rabigh, next to the Red Sea in the Arabian Peninsula
[edit] Protagonists
Sa'd ibn Mua'dh was a leader of the Banu Aus, one of the large Arab tribes in Medina. Sa'd adopted Islam and hence became one of the Ansar, the helpers of the Muslim emigrants from Mecca.
Both Umayyah ibn Khalaf and Amr ibn Hishām were among the leaders of Banu Quraish, the dominant clan in Mecca and also staunch opponents of Islam, Umayyah being well known for torturing his slave Bilal. However, Umayyah and Sa'd enjoyed a friendship that spanned to the day's before Sa'd's conversion.
Amr ibn Hishām is better known as "Abu Jahl", the nickname given to him by Muhammad.
[edit] The Umrah of Sa'd
After the Migration to Medina and prior to the Badr, Sa’d visited Mecca once to perform his Umrah, and stayed with Umayah. Sa'd asked Umayyah about a time when the surroundings of the Kaaba was empty, so he could perform his circumambulation (Arabic: tawaf) [1].
They both went and started the tawaf. Abu Jahl interrupted them [2], asking Ummaya about his company. On hearing that it was Sa'd, Abu Jahl said to the Muslim: "You people have given shelter to the Sabaean [3]. I cannot bear to see you step into the Ka'ba. By my God, you would not have returned home, had not Umayya accompanied you" [1].
Sa'd and Abu Jahl started quarreling. On this, Umayyah said to Sa'd "O Sad do not raise your voice before Abu al-Hakam, the chief of the people of the Valley (of Mecca) [2]. Sa'd swore by God that if Abu Jahl was to interrupt his tawaf, Sa'd would stop the Meccan trade route to Syria though Medina [1].
Umaiya kept on saying to Sa'd, "Don't raise your voice." and kept on taking hold of him. Sa'd became furious [2] and said "O Umayyah, stop that! By Allah, I have heard Allah's Apostle predicting that the Muslim will kill you. [4]" Umayyah asked, "In Mecca?" Sa'd said, "I do not know." Umayyah was greatly scared by that news [1]. Umayyah said, "Will he kill me?" Sa'd said, "Yes" Umayyah said, "By Allah! When Muhammad says a thing, he never tells a lie" [2].
When Umayyah returned home, he informed his wife [5] of what Sa'd had told him, including the "I do not know" regarding if it was going to be in Mecca, and added "By Allah, I will never go out of Mecca" [1].
[edit] The Battle of Badr
When a major Meccan caravan from Syria was threatened by Muslim raids, Abu Jahl rallyied the people for war, saying "Go and protect your caravan.".
Umayyah however, anxious about Sa'd's warning, disliked to leave Mecca, but Abu Jahl told him: "O Abu Safwan! If the people see you staying behind though you are the chief of the people of the Valley, then they will remain behind with you." [1].
Abu Jahl urged until Umayyah said "As you have forced me to change my mind, by Allah, I will buy the best camel in Mecca". Umayyah told his wife "O Um Safwan, prepare what I need (for the journey)." She said to him, "O Abu Safwan! Have you forgotten what your Yathribi brother told you?" He said, "No, but I do not want to go with them but for a short distance." So when Umaiya went out, he used to tie his camel wherever he camped. [1]
[edit] Muslim view
Muslims view this hadith as notable since it depicts a threat to start the raid the Meccan armies, that materialized leading up to the Battle of Badr. They also note that the event includes prominent personalities. This hadith has been included in the biographies of the people included and is also a relevant prelude to the Battle of Badr itself.
The hadith has been inspected and regarded as authentic by Muhammad al-Bukhari [1][2], the most trusted Sunni scholar of Hadith.
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Sahih Bukhari 5:59:286
- ^ a b c d e Sahih Bukhari 4:56:826
- ^ the non-Muslims of Mecca called Muhammad and the Muslims "Sabaeans", "the apostates".
- ^ another version states quotes him as "Be away from me, for I have heard Muhammad saying that he will kill you.", <ref></ref>
- ^ called Umm Safwan, after their son Safwan ibn Umayah.
