User:Gzli888
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Contents |
[edit] >>>Chinese Wikipedia
Pharmacy/Pharmaceutics, Pharmacopeia/Pharmacopoeia/Pharmacopoeist, Pharmaceutical, Pharmacist/Pharmaceutist, Pharmaco-, Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics,
Liu Yongjia | List of Chinese websites (to be modelled on the List of Chinese people article) |
You are invited to create articles for these 4,6,7 on this list.
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- American Jewish Committee
- American Jewish Congress
- Anti-Defamation League
- Jewish War Veterans
- Jewish Council for Public Affairs
- Jewish Labor Committee
- Jewish Women International
[edit] Open source intelligence
Leadership. Administration. Management. Governance. Objectives. Directives. Policies. Protocols. Rules. Regulations. Legislation. Guidelines. Frameworks. Funding.
[edit] Orgs
National Knowledge Service NKS (NHS). National Electronic Library for Health (NHS). British Epidemiology Society. British Thoracic Society. Cancer Research UK. Department of Health. Developing Patient Partnership. Dr Foster. Healthcare Commission. Health and Safety Executive. Health and Safety Commission. Health Service Journal. Independent Midwives Association. King’s Fund. National Childbirth Trust. National Health Service. NHS Appointments Commission (SHA). NHS Blood and Transplant. NHS Business Services Authority. NHS Confederation. NHS Counter Fraud and Security Management Service (SHA). NHS Dental Vocational Training Authority (SHA). NHS Direct (SHA). NHS Health Protection Agency (SHA). NHS The Health and Social Care Information Centre (SHA). NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement (SHA). NHS Litigation Authority (SHA). NHS Logistics Authority (SHA). NHS Mental Health Act Commission (SHA). NHS National Blood Service (SHA). NHS National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (SHA). NHS National Patient Safety Agency (SHA). NHS National Treatment Agency (SHA). NHS Pensions Agency (SHA). NHS Professionals Special Health Authority (SHA). NHS UK Transplant (SHA). NHS Plus – occupational health services network.
[edit] DO
Nursing Standard. Patient Care. Patient UK. Pregnancy Advisory Service. Regulatory Authority for Ferility and Tissue (RAFT). Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Royal College of Surgeons. Royal National Institute for Deaf People. Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. American Council on Pharmaceutical Education. American Pharmaceutical Association. American Pharmacists Association. Food and Drug Administration, USA (FDA). National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. National Association of Chain Drug Stores. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
[edit] Conference
[edit] Misci
Brighton & Hove PCT; European Department of Quality of Medicines (EDQM); European Medicines Agency (EMEA); EU Drug Regulatory Authority Network (EUDRANET); Hospital Pharmacist; London School of Pharmacy; Medicines and Healthcare products ;Regulatory Agency ; National Pharmacy Association; Chemists’ Defence Association (CDA); Pharmacists' Professional Indemnity Ltd (PPI); Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee; Pharmaceutical Journal; Prescription Pricing Authority (NHS SHA) ; Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain ; National Knowledge Service (NKS); National Electronic Library for Health (NeLH); Medical Terminology (HK Uni. English Centre); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC); PharmWeb; National Pharmaceutical Association; Cochrane Collaboration; Bandolier (journal); Practice Health; Pharmacy2U ;
[edit] FIVE ETs
1) Symptoms and treatment of phaeochromocytoma: • Pathology • Symptoms • Treatment strategies
2) Plasma calcium homeostasis: • Calcitonin • Parathyroid hormone • Vitamin D • Drugs
3) Inflammatory bowel disease and its treatment: • Ulcerative colitis • Irritable bowel syndrome • Crohn’s disease
4) Drug induced renal disease - mechanisms and management: • Drugs that commonly cause renal failure • Mechanisms • At risk patient groups • Management strategies
5) Neuronal and hormonal control of the digestive system: • Gastrin/histamine • Secretin • Cholecystokinin • Parasympathetic nervous system • Sympathetic nervous system
[edit] Past second year Essay Questions;-
Q1 Drug X has recently been discovered to inhibit the Na+K+2Cl- pump in the loop of Henle of the renal tubule. Discuss:
(a) Its effects on urine volume and composition.
(b) The possible therapeutic uses
(c) Any unwanted effects that may occur and how they could be avoided.
Q2 Discuss the following with regards to the use of pilocarpine eye drops in open angle glaucoma:
(a) The pharmacological rational for its use.
(b) Expected side effects and their underlying mechanism.
(c) The parameters that you would monitor when using this drug.
Q3 Construct an essay entitled “The management of diabetic ketoacidosis”
[edit] MD-PY234
Title Therapeutic Aspects of Neuroendocrinology and Pharmacokinetics
Code PY233/4/5
Level 2
Credit rating 40 points
Pre-requisites Respiratory and Dermatological Therapeutics in Pharmacy Practice
Co-requisites Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Immunology and Biotechnology
Type Extensive
Aims • to understand the physiology and pathology of the autonomic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, renal/hepatic systems and the inflammatory process and gain a sound understanding of the mechanisms by which different pharmacological agents can modify these processes and hence manage disease. • to gain a realisation of the necessity for pharmacological intervention and an ability to predict Type 1 adverse drug reactions. • to extend appreciation of factors affecting pharmacokinetics. • to help the students integrate knowledge from case histories, simple diagnostic tests, and the pharmacology and chemistry of drugs that act on the systems and processes detailed above. • to continue to develop the skills necessary to communicate health and related matters. • to extend understanding of the relevant legislation regarding medicinal products.
Learning outcomes On completion of this module the student should be able to:
• demonstrate an appreciation of the physiology and pathology of the autonomic, endocrine, GI, renal and hepatic systems and the inflammatory process, associate common symptoms with relevant pathological conditions, understand the aetiologies of diseases of these systems and the rationales underlying the use of pharmacological agents in their treatment.
• utilise and analyse information from various simple diagnostic tests of physiological and pathological function and integrate this with pharmacological and pharmaceutical knowledge to evaluate drug therapy across a broad range of situations.
• demonstrate a recognition of Type 1 adverse drug reactions on the basis of pharmacological knowledge.
• explain the factors influencing pharmacokinetics.
• accept responsibility for achieving personal and/or group outcomes by developing a variety of professional skills.
• recognise basic professional/ethical issues.
Content This module normally comprises 64 hours of theory and 64 hours of coursework supported by 152 hours of experiential learning and guided study.
Autonomic nervous system: introduction to the autonomic nervous system and the principles of neurochemical transmission: characteristics of the functional components of the nervous system and an overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the whole peripheral nervous system. Detailed considerations of the events involved in cholinergic and noradrenergic transmission. Mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses and adverse reactions associated with those drugs used to modify functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system. (Normally 12 hours)
Autocoids: the inflammatory process, anti-inflammatory drugs and autocoids: mechanisms of the inflammatory response to tissue invasion and/or damage. The pathology of selected inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The mechanism of action and therapeutic uses of [[]anti-inflammatory]] drugs. Complementary therapies used for the relief of allergic disorders. Pathological investigations: the clinical importance of laboratory analysis of body fluids with particular reference to inflammatory disease; gene polymorphisms (eg 5-lipoxygenase) and their impact on pathology and therapeutics. (Normally 10 hours)
Renal: renal physiology and pharmacology: anatomy and physiological functions of the kidney and urinary tract. Neuroendocrine control of renal function. Common disorders of renal function and their detection using appropriate tests. Mechanisms of action and introduction to the therapeutic uses of different groups of diuretics and anti-diuretics. Pathological investigations: the clinical importance of laboratory analysis of body fluids with particular reference to renal function tests and plasma electrolytes. (Normally 10 hours)
GI and liver: the gastrointestinal tract, the absorption of nutrients and nutritional diseases. Anatomy and physiological functions of the various regions of the hepatic and gastro-intestinal tract. An introduction to nutrition, current dietary recommendations and nutritional diseases (obseity). Aetiologies, symptoms and treatment rationales of common disorders of gastro-intestinal function, including the use of complementary therapies. Pathological investigations: the clinical importance of laboratory analysis of body fluids with particular reference to liver and GI diseases. Nutritional therapy for the seriously ill (TPN). Polymorphisms of drug metabolising enzymes and the use of genetic screening to inform therapeutic decisions. (Normally 10 hours)
Endocrine: anatomy and physiological functions of the endocrine system, and its relationship to neural mechanisms in the control of integrated functioning of the body. Review of the cellular mechanisms of hormone action and the principles of feedback controls. Aetiology, symptoms and treatments of disorders of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonadal and pancreatic endocrine functions. Impact of diabetes mellitus on life style, patient management of therapy, impact of National Service Framework (NSF). Gene polymorphisms and endocrine disorders; prospects of genetic testing for disease susceptibility. Contraception and the treatment of infertility. Pathological investigations: the clinical importance of laboratory analysis of body fluids with particular reference to endocrine function tests. (Normally 12 hours)
Pharmacokinetics: liver function and drug clearance. The time course of drug action, volume of distribution, compartment models, biological half-life, rates and simple kinetics of absorption and elimination. Effects of these on serum levels and dosage regimens. Mathematical approaches, predictions and clinical applications. Therapeutics: factors affecting the selection and use of drugs in patients on renal dialysis or in renal, or hepatic failure. (Normally 10 hours)
A typical coursework programme would include the following: Laboratory practical classes (for example the effects of drugs on isolated tissue, the effects of drugs on urine volume and composition in humans, seminars, tutorials, simulated exercises in the pharmacy to include dispensing, aseptic drug preparation, counselling, responding to symptoms, case studies, professional interaction, health promotion, prescription reviews. (64 hours)
Experiential learning
A typical programme may include the following: consultant-led ward rounds, general practitioner surgery visits, and pharmacy led ward rounds. Students will also be directed to attend those seminars held within the School that are relevant to this module. (20 hours)
Teaching and A variety of teaching and learning strategies will be employed in the learning strategies delivery of this module, including formal lectures (64 hours), seminars/practicals (64 hours), experiential learning (20 hours) and guided study including, problem-based learning and resource-based independent study (132 hours). Emphasis will be placed on situational exercises with video recording for constructive feedback. A structured guided study program will support the problem-solving approach. In this module the students' learning environment will include the wards and clinics of Brighton Health Care Trust hospitals and other approved institutions as well as general practitioner surgeries. Students will also be directed to attend those research seminars held within the School which are relevant to the content of this module. There will be 120 hours of independent study and assessment time.
Learning support Texts
Human Physiology, Fox, S I, 6th Ed, Wm C Brown, 1999. Review of Medical Physiology, 20th Ed, Ganong, W F, Appleton & Lange, 2001. Concepts of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 5th Ed, Van der Graaf, K M, and Fox, S I, Wm C Brown, 1999. Anatomy and Physiology, 5th Ed, Thibodeau, G A and Patton, K T, Mosby, 2003. Pharmacology, 4th Ed, Rang, H P, Dale, M M and Ritter, J M, Churchill Livingstone, 1999. Medical Pharmacology at a Glance, Neal, M J, 3rd Ed, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1997. Human Pharmacology - Molecular to Clinical, 3rd Ed, Brody,T M, et al, Mosby, 1998. Human Pharmacology, Gard P R, Taylor and Francis, 2000. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Walker R and Edwards C (Ed), 3rd Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2002. Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, Haslett, C, 19th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, 2002. Clinical Evidence (Issue 8),Barton, S. (Ed), http://www.nelh.nhs.uk/ Drugs in Use: Clinical Case Studies for Pharmacists, Dodds, L, 2nd Ed, Pharmaceutical Press, 1996. Clinical Biostatistics: an Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine, Dunn, G and Everitt, B, Arnold, 1995. Students will be directed towards current articles in the pharmaceutical and medical press and encouraged to read widely to instil an appreciation of evidence-based practice.
CAL packages
Drug Targets and Transduction Systems, Sewell, K, Coleman, I PL, Morgan, R, Hollingsworth, M, Foster, R W and Walker, J, Pharma- CAL-ogy, 1995 G-protein Receptors as Drug Targets, Sewell, K., Coleman, I., Morgan, R., Hollingsworth, M., Foster, B. and Walker, J., Pharm-CAL-ogy, 2002. Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous System, Collins, G, Dewhurst, D and Ullyott, R, Pharma-CAL-ogy, 1995 Pharmacology of Inflammation, Dewhurst, D, Brain, S, Freeman, P and Ullyott, R, Pharma-CAL-ogy, 1995 Drug Metabolism, Skett, P., Cholerton, S., Kitteringham, N. and McLellan, G., Pharma-CAL-ogy, 2002. Dietary Effects on Drug Metabolism, McLellan, G., Skett, P., Cholerton, S. and Kitteringham, N. Pharma-CAL-ogy, 2002. Alternative Therapies, Amwar, K. Jim, N., Huckbody, K. and I. Hughes. Pharma-CAL-ogy, 2002.
The Dynamic Human, Jacobsen, C, Mosby, 1996 Interactive Pharmacology, Dale, M M, Cunnane, T C, Purves, R and Haylett, D G, Blackwell Science, 1995.
Assessment The unit of study will be assessed by means of:
PY233 Coursework (10 credits): composed of the pharmacological, clinical and professional elements of the coursework.
PY234 Examination (20 credits): 2 hours unseen examination, containing MCQ and essay questions.
PY235 OSCE (10 credits): a professional skills examination that will contribute up to 20% towards the final Professional Competency assessment.
Brief description of module This module examines humoral and neurohumoral control mechanisms and the ways by which such mechanisms can be modified by drugs thereby laying the foundation for the modules “Therapeutic aspects of cardiovascular pharmacy and oncology” and “Neurological and psychiatric pharmacy”. This module extends the pathophysiological and pharmacological knowledge and understanding acquired in earlier course-specific modules. The module is designed to provide knowledge and skills underpinning professional pharmacy practice at a basic level.
Area Examination Boards MPharm Biological Sciences
Module authors Dr M C Allen, Prof J G Davies, Dr P R Gard, Dr A MacAdam, Dr M Yeoman
Semester offered 1 and 2
Site where delivered Moulsecoomb and the Recognized Clinical Teaching Hospitals of the University
Date of first approval January 2003
Date of approval of this version September 2005
Course(s) for which module is acceptable and status in course MPharm. Compulsory.
School home Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
External examiner Professor K Wilson
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