User:Gwinva/Sandbox3

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Contents

[edit] References for cut and paste

  • Prestwich, Michael. Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996
  • Oakeshott, Ewart. A Knight and his Horse, Rev. 2nd Ed. USA:Dufour Editions, 1998
  • Barker, Juliet. The Tounament in England: 1100-1400, UK: The Boydell Press, 1986
  • Talhoffer, Hans. Medieval Combat, 1467. Translated and edited by Mark Rector, London:Greenhill Books, 2000
  • Tuchman, Barbara W. A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century, New York: Ballantine Books, 1978
  • Gies, Frances; Gies, Joseph. Daily Life in Medieval Times, UK: Grange Books, 2005 (originally published by Harper Collins in three volumes, 1969, 1974, 1990)
  • Clark, John (Ed). The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004
  • Gravett, Christopher. English Medieval Knight 1300-1400, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002
  • Bumke, Joachim. Courtly Culture: Literature and Society in the High Middle Ages, translated by Thomas Dunlap, USA: Overlook Duckworth, 2000 (First published in 1986 as Höfische Kultur: Literatur und Gesellschaft im holen Mittelalter by Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag)
  • Leyser, Henrietta. Medieval Women: A Social History of Women in England 450-1500, UK: Phoenix Press, 1996
  • Nicolle, David. Medieval Warfare Source Book: Warfare in Western Christendom, UK: Brockhampton Press, 1999
  • Carey, Brian Todd; Allfree, Joshua B; Cairns, John. Warfare in the Medieval World, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2006
  • Bennet, Matthew; Bradbury, Jim; DeVries, Kelly; Dickie, Iain; Jestice, Phyllis G. Fighting Techniques of the Medieval World: AD 500-AD 1500, London: Amber Books, 2005

[edit] Other topics, bits that don't fit, or useful for other articles

  • Medieval men and women were only marginally shorter than their modern counterpart. The average height of an urban Englishman was 5'8" (1.72m). A woman was on average 5'2" (1.58m). The well-nourished knightly classes would exceed this average. [1] Edward I of England was over 6'.
  • In 732, Pope Gregory III banned the eating of horsemeat. This proscription was ignored, or forgotten, in most of Europe, but was observed in England throughout the Middle Ages, causing old horses to be almost worthless. [2]
  • French word haquenée (an ambling horse or hack)

[edit] Mounted shock combat

It has been commonly understood that the introduction of the stirrup to Western Europe from the east led to the development of mounted shock warfare; particularly, the stirrup allowed the man-at-arms to couch his lance. This theory is assumed in many histories of medieval warfare. However, this theory has been questioned by recent research. (discuss mechanics of charge). One of the commonly-used pictorial evidence for a later development of mounted shock is the Bayeux tapestry, where the mounted combatants are seen wielding un-couched spears, suggesting to some historians that the spears were not couched at that stage of warfare. However, the tapestry depicts the melee (close-combat stage of a battle), when it would be impossible to wield a couched spear. A couched spear is only appropriate for attacking an enemy who is directly in front, not one who comes from the side, as the torque would be enough to knock the horseman out of his saddle. The style of fighting shown on the Bayeux tapestry is not primitive; the fifteenth-century fight master Hans Talhoffer pictures an almost identical stance in his treatise on fighting on horseback.[3] Moreover, the ground at Hastings was not suitable for cavalry charges, suiting the deployment of small units of mounted men. [4]

Interestingly, the word lance was not used until the fifteenth century, coinciding with the heavy spear (lance) developed for the tournament. By that time, the knight rarely fought as heavy cavalry on the battlefield, but dismounted to fight. During the (heyday) of mounted warfare, the lighter war-lance (or spear) was used, couched only for the initial charge.

The stirrup was developed in the east, where the mode of warfare relied on long, hard riding, and the use of missiles (eg arrows)... (complete)

development of saddle.

[edit] Notes and references

  1. ^ Clark, John (Ed). The Medieval Horse and its Equipment: c.1150-c.1450, Rev. 2nd Ed, UK: The Boydell Press, 2004, p 25
  2. ^ Gies, Frances; Gies, Joseph. Daily Life in Medieval Times, UK: Grange Books, 2005, p 147 (originally published by Harper Collins in three volumes, 1969, 1974, 1990)
  3. ^ Talhoffer, Hans. Medieval Combat, 1467. Translated and edited by Mark Rector, London:Greenhill Books, 2000, plate 269
  4. ^ Prestwich, Michael. Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, p 326
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