Gustavo Leigh

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Air General Gustavo Leigh Guzmán (September 19, 1920 - September 29, 1999) was a Chilean military officer, who represented the Air Force in the Government Junta that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990.

[edit] Life

He was born in Santiago, son of Hernán Leigh Bañados and Laura Guzmán Cea. After a brilliant career, President Salvador Allende named him commander-in-chief of the Air Force on August 17, 1973. However, Leigh was the first to sign the coup document, drafted by Vice Admiral José Toribio Merino, to depose Allende.

Leigh quickly emerged as the toughest member in the four-man military junta. Just hours after the coup, Leigh vowed that the military would "eradicate the Marxist cancer from our fatherland, until the last consequences." It was on his personal orders, he disclosed later, that the air force bombarded and heavily damaged the presidential palace to put down the resistance by Allende and a small group of his followers. He responded to criticisms that his order to bomb the La Moneda palace saying, "It was a hard measure to take, but believe me when I say that [...] it was a measure that saved many lives, because President Allende had decided to die in La Moneda [...]."

A fierce persecution of leftists followed, and Leigh's air force gained a reputation as especially implacable with dissidents. Leigh defended the coup, arguing that a civil war between Chileans was inevitable. When American President Jimmy Carter criticized the military rule in Chile in 1977, Leigh said, "He [Carter] is a hypocrite. He condemns Chile, but at the same time he wants closer relations with a dictatorship like Castro's in Cuba, that had lead an authoritarian regime for 18 years."

He purged the Air Force of left-wing officers such as General Alberto Bachelet (the father of Michelle Bachelet, Chile's current President) and repeatedly called on Chileans to denounce left-wingers to the new authorities. Nonetheless he clashed with Augusto Pinochet, the leader of the junta over the latter's refusal to name a date for a return to democracy. Leigh opposed Pinochet's growing power within the junta. In 1978, when Pinochet called a vote to request that Chileans reject the United Nation's condemnation of the regime's human rights record, Leigh called the move "typical of governments in which power is in the hands of a single dictator." Pinochet believed Leigh wanted to challenge him to lead the country. "Pinochet always felt that I was interested in taking over from him, something that never even entered my mind," Leigh said in one of his last television interviews.

In 1978, Leigh was the first junta member to urge the restoration of civilian rule. That cost him his position with both the junta and the air force. Further disagreements over issues such as the economic policy of the so-called Chicago Boys and the secret police led to his destitution on July 24, 1978, in a decree signed by all junta members. The junta selected General Fernando Matthei to replace him.

Leigh was detained by a judge investigating his role in the disappearance of twelve communist leaders, but the Supreme Court ordered his release by virtue of the Law of Amnesty.

On March 21, 1990, members of the ultra-leftist communist guerrilla gang, the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front, entered his office and shot at him. Five bullets hit his body. Other than the loss of an eye, he was able to make a complete recovery, dying of cardiovascular problems in the Air Force Hospital on September 29, 1999.

[edit] External links

Preceded by None	Member of Government Junta 1973-1978	Succeeded by Fernando Matthei
Preceded by César Ruiz Danyau	Air Force Commander-in-chief 1973-1978	Succeeded by Fernando Matthei