Guanqiu Jian
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Guanqiu Jian (毌丘儉, Hanyu Pinyin: Gùanqiū Jiǎn;, courtesy name: 仲恭 Zhòng Gōng, d. 255) was a Chinese general of the Kingdom of Wei and renowned for his campaigns against Gongsun Yuan and Goguryeo. His name is often misread as Wuqiu Jian(毋丘儉), due to its similarity to the more common misread words.
He was favored by Emperor Ming of the Chinese Kingdom of Wei. In 237 he was sent to Liaodong to overthrow the local warlord Gongsun Yuan but was obstructed by floods. In the next year Sima Yi and Wuqiu Jian succeeded in conquering the Gongsun family. In recognition of the campaign, the title of Marquess of Anyi (安邑候) was bestowed on him.
In 244, Guanqiu Jian led the second punitive expedition to Goguryeo. He defeated the Goguryeo army led by King Gong (宮) beside the Tongjia River and then occupied the capital Wandu. During the third campaign in the next year, he occupied the capital again and forced the king to flee to the southeast. A subsection of the Chinese army reached the eastern coast of the peninsula and another reached northern Manchuria. In commemoration of the conquest, a stone craving was raised during the campaign. A piece of the monument was discovered in 1905. It is today called the "Monument of Guanqiu Jian inscribed achievements" (毌丘儉紀功碑).
Guanqiu Jian was defeated and killed in the revolt against Sima Shi after whom deposed Cao Fang, the successor of Emperor Ming. Some scholars consider that his action resulted from his loyalty to the royal family, and others treat it just as a rebellion. Most of his family in Wei was killed, and some fled to Wu.
