Great Lavra Belltower
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Great Lavra Belltower or the Great Belfry (Ukrainian: Велика Лаврська дзвіниця, Russian: Большая Лаврская колокольня) is the main belltower of the ancient cave monastery of Kiev Pechersk Lavra in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is one of the most notable buildings of the Kiev skyline (see picture).
The belltower was the highest free-standing belltower at the time of its construction in 1731-1745.[1] It was designed by the architect Johann Gottfried Schädel, and the funds for its construction came from the Ukrainian cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Its total height, with the Christian cross, is 96.5 meters (316 feet).
The Great Lavra Belltower is a Classical style construction with a total of four tiers, surmounted by a gilded dome. The diameter of the tower's lowest tier at its base is 28.8 meters (94 feet), and the thickness of the first tier walls is 8 meters (26 feet). The tower's foundation exceedes 7 meters (22 feet). The tower is decorated with many architectural columns: the second tier is decorated with 32 Dorian columns, the third tier is decorated with 16 Ionic columns, and the fourth with 8 Corinthian columns.[1][2]
On the third tier, there were some hanging bells, but they were later removed. To this day, only three small 18th-century bells have been preserved: the Balyk, Voznesenskyi, and Bezymiannyi bells.[2] The former main bell of the Great Lavra Belltower, the Uspenskyi, had a total weight of one ton and was cast in 1732 by Ivan Motorin, who was also responsible for the Moscow Kremlin Tsar Bell.[2] There is also a viewing platform atop the third tier, which provides visitors with a bird's-eye view of the region around Kiev.
On the fourth tier there is a chiming clock, manufactured in 1903, which has a total weight of 4.5 tons. The current belltower's clock, designed by the Moscow master A. Enodin and based off the Kremlin clock, replaced the older 18th-century clock of the master A. Levynskyi.[2] The clock has stopped only one time during its existence: it happened in September of 1941 when the Dormition Cathedral of the Pechersk Lavra was blown up by army forces,[3] during the Second World War.
The clock was put under repairs following the destruction of the nearby cathedral, which took a total of six years to complete.[4] Since that time, the clock has never needed any repairs. The clock's mechanism is very accurate; up to within 10 seconds.[4] However, it has been observed that its accuracy depends on the time of the year: in the Winter, the clock works somewhat slower than in the Summertime. The clock's mechanism has to be rewound once a week, and the clock's bells chime every quarter of the hour.
[edit] Footnotes
- ^ a b Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). Guildebook: Touring Kyiv. Kyiv: Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3.
- ^ a b c d Klymenko, Sergiy. Велика дзвіниця Києво-Печерської Лаври (Ukrainian/Russian). Pictures of Kyiv. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- ^ The cathedral was apparently mined for destruction by retreating Soviet troops, as was the Khreschatyk street in Kiev, and was apparently blown up by German forces.[citation needed] However, this is very controversial subject: the Germans blame the Soviets for the destruction of the cathedral and vice versa.
- ^ a b Самые большие киевские часы (Russian). Interesniy Kiev. Retrieved on November 11, 2006.
[edit] References
- Велика Дзвіниця (Ukrainian). Wiki-Encyclopedia Kyiv. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- Куранти Великої Дзвiницi (Ukrainian). Wiki-Encyclopedia Kyiv. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- Neiman, Yuriy. Велика Лаврська дзвіниця. (Ukrainian). XYZ Internet Journal. Retrieved on November 10, 2006.
- Interactive Virtual reality tour — Great Lavra Belltower
Main buildings: Dormition Cathedral • Great Lavra Belltower • Refectory Church
Chruches: All Saints • Saviour at Berestove • Exaltation of Cross • Life-Giving Spring • Nativity of the Virgin • Conception of St. Anne • Gate Church of the Trinity
Other religious institutions: Near Caves • Far Caves • St. Nicholas Monastary
Other constructions: Debosquette Wall • Lavra fortification • Typography • Theological Academy and Seminary
