Grand Duke of Kiev
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Grand Duke of Kiev is a title of Kievan prince and the ruler of Kievan Rus in the 9—13 th centuries.
Rurik, a semi-legendary Scandinavian Varangian, was at the roots of Kievan Rus'. He founded the Rurikovich dynasty that would rule Kievan Rus', Ruthenian principalities and early Muscovite Tsardom for the next 700 years. Rurik's capital was the northern city of Novgorod. His successor Oleg relocated the capital to Kiev at around 880, thus laying the foundation of what has become known as Kievan Rus'.
While the early rulers of Rus' were Scandinavians, they gradually merged into the local Slavic population. Still, in the 11th century, Yaroslav, (called Jarisleif in Scandinavian chronicles) maintained the dynastic links, married a Swedish princess, and gave asylum to king Olaf II of Norway.
The movement of nobility also went in the opposite direction. According to Adam of Bremen, Anund Gårdske, a man from Kievan Rus' was elected king of Sweden, ca 1070. As he was a Christian, however, he refused to sacrifice to the Aesir at the Temple at Uppsala and he was deposed by popular vote.
The unity of Kievan Rus' gradually declined, and was all but gone by 1132. After that period Kievan Rus' shattered into a number of smaller states all of which contested for the throne of Kiev.
Kievan Rus' was finally destroyed by the Mongols in 1240, but the Riurikovich line persisted and continued to rule some Ruthenian principalities on the perіphery — medieval Halych, Moscow and Lithuanian states.
Rulers of Kievan Rus' held the titles Kniaz and later Velikiy Kniaz, traditionally translated as Grand Prince or Grand Duke
[edit] List of rulers of Kievan Rus
[edit] Rulers of Kiev
- Askold and Dir (860?–882?), supposedly, killed by Oleg
[edit] Rulers of Kievan Rus'
- Oleg (882–912)
- Igor (912–945)
- Olga (Regent, 945–962)
- Sviatoslav I (962–972)
- Yaropolk I (972–980)
- Vladimir I (980–1015)
- Sviatopolk I (1015–1019)
- Yaroslav I (1019–1054)
- Iziaslav I (1054–1073, 1076–1078)
- Vseslav (1068–1069)
- Sviatoslav II (1073–1076)
- Vsevolod I (1078–1093)
- Sviatopolk II (1093–1113)
- Vladimir II Monomakh (1113–1125)
- Mstislav I (1125–1132)
- Yaropolk II (1132–1139)
- Viacheslav I (1139, 1151–1154)
- Vsevolod II (1139–1146)
- Igor II (1146)
- Iziaslav II (1146–1154, with intervals)
- George I (1149–1151, 1155–1157)
- Rostislav I (1154–1167, with intervals)
- Iziaslav III (1155–1162, with intervals)
- Mstislav II (1167–1169)
- Gleb I (1169, 1170–1171)
- Vladimir (1171)
- Michael I (1171)
- Roman I (1171–1173, 1175–1177)
- Vsevolod III (1173)
- Rurik (1172–1211, with intervals)
- Yaroslav II, (1174–1175, 1180)
- Sviatoslav III (1173, 1176–1180, 1181–1194)
- Ingvar I (1202, 1214)*
- Roman II (1203-1205)
- Rostislav II (1204–1206)
- Vsevolod IV (1206–1212, with intervals)
- Mstislav III (1214–1223)
- Vladimir III (1223–1235)
- Iziaslav IV (1235–1236)
- Yaroslav III (1236–1238, 1246)
- Michael II (1238–1239, 1241–1246)
- Rostislav III (1239)
- Daniel I (1239–1240)
