Gottfried Kirch
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Gottfried Kirch (Kirche, Kirkius) (December 18, 1639—July 25, 1710) was a German astronomer. The son of a shoemaker in Guben, Saxonia, Kirch first worked as a calendar-maker in Saxonia and Franconia. He began to learn astronomy in Jena, and studied under Hevelius in Danzig. In Danzig in 1667, Kirch published calendars and built several telescopes and instruments.
In 1686, Kirch went to Leipzig. There, he observed the great comet of 1686, together with Christoph Arnold. At Leipzig, Kirch also met his second wife, Maria Margarethe Winckelmann (1670-1720), who had learned astronomy from Arnold. In 1688, he invented and charted the now obsolete constellation Sceptrum Brandenburgicum, the Brandenburg Scepter.
In 1700, Kirch was appointed by Frederick I of Prussia as the first astronomer of the Prussian Royal Society of Sciences.
Kirch studied the double star Mizar, and discovered both the Wild Duck Cluster (1681) and Globular Cluster M5 (May 5, 1702). He also discovered the variability of the Mira variable Chi Cygni in 1687.
He died at Berlin at the age of seventy-one.
Kirch crater, on the Moon, is named after him. The asteroid 6841 Gottfriedkirch is also named after him.
Kirch was married to the self-taught astronomer Maria Winkelmann.
