GM Kappa platform

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2006 Pontiac Solstice

Kappa is General Motors' new compact rear-wheel drive automobile platform. The architecture debuted in the 2006 Pontiac Solstice and 2007 Saturn Sky.

Kappa uses an independent suspension, short-long arm type, in front and rear. The Ecotec Family II engine is widely used, as is a 5-speed manual transmission. A 5-speed automatic has been available since January 2006.

In 2002, the Pontiac Solstice Concept was shown in two forms: a drivable roadster convertible, and a design study of a fastback coupe.

The Pontiac Solstice was received very well at the 2002 NAIAS. The drivable roadster concept car shown had been cobbled together from many different components, using a heavily modified portion of the Delta. The thinking was that this architecture might be heavily modified and used to produce the Solstice in the near future.

It is speculated that when General Motors decided to try to produce the Solstice as a highly-styled, low-cost, low-volume niche vehicle for enthusiasts, it became apparent that there were no existing platforms that could be used to achieve the needs of a modern compact rear wheel drive roadster.

Therefore, the Kappa platform was developed to provide the necessary structure for a two-seat, rear-wheel drive convertible. It features hydroformed rails and a tunnel structure similar to the Corvette architecture, and is designed for a short-long-arm suspension for the front and rear. It features rear wheel drive, longitudinal-mounted transmission and front-mid engine.

It has been stated by GM that the platform has only been designed to accommodate a single engine - the Ecotec Family II. It has also been stated by GM representatives that this platform was only designed to be "left-hand drive". However, there are aftermarket tuners that have already accomplished engine transplants in Solstices, albeit the engine swaps are definitely not "bolt and go".

Since the Solstice, GM has designed another roadster that looks substantially different, but shares the same underlying Kappa platform: the Saturn Sky. The Saturn Sky was styled after the pattern of the Vauxhall VX Lightning design. There is a European version built off the same platform, essentially a turbo-engined Sky with Opel badging, under the name Opel GT.

Three other concept vehicles were built off the initial Kappa platform, and shown at the 2004 NAIAS: The Vauxhall VX Lightning, The Saturn Curve and Chevrolet Nomad. All three cars were received reasonably well, but were not nearly as embraced as the original Solstice Concept.

The original 2003 Vauxhall VX Lightning Concept is the same size as the original Solstice Concept, and pieced together in the same manner as the 2002 Solstice Concept, and had been shown in Europe several months earlier, before the Kappa platform had been finalized and named (debuting approximately mid-May 2003, for Vauxhall's Centenary celebration). The Vauxhall VX Lightning is the styling pattern after which the appearance of the Saturn Sky is based. When the Vauxhall VX was shown at the 2004 NAIAS, the Lightning part of the name was dropped and the vehicle referred to in the literature at the show as merely the "Vauxhall VX".

The Saturn Curve and the Chevrolet Nomad concept cars were built on "modified" versions of the Kappa platform, and exhibited 12 in longer wheelbases, and 2+2 seating.

Another concept car, built by Holden and called the Torana TT36, was rumored to have started as a Kappa-based car with a twin-turbocharged V6, but the modifications necessary to accommodate the engine, transmission, and general vehicle size made it necessary to refer to the platform as "based on architecture similar to the Kappa and the Corvette."

[edit] Shared components

The Kappa architecture uses major components from nearly every GM division and modern platform:

The rear axle and differential are from the Sigma-based Cadillac CTS
The Solstice's interior storage bin is from the Y-body Cadillac XLR
The passenger-side airbag, steering column, and exterior and interior door handles are from the Delta-based Chevrolet Cobalt
The backup lights are from the GMT360 GMC Envoy
The heating, ventilating, and air conditioning modules are from the Hummer H3
The front fog lamp assembly is from the W-body Pontiac Grand Prix
The steering wheel is from the Theta-based Pontiac Torrent
The 2.4 L Ecotec engine is shared with the Delta-based Saturn ION, Pontiac G6, Chevrolet Cobalt, and Chevrolet HHR
The five-speed manual transmission is from the Hummer H3, GMC Canyon, and Chevrolet Colorado
The five-speed automatic is from the Cadillac CTS, STS, and SRX