Glyptostrobus
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| Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton) K.Koch |
Glyptostrobus pensilis, also known as Chinese Swamp Cypress, is the sole living species in the genus Glyptostrobus. It is native to subtropical southeastern China, from Fujian west to southeast Yunnan, and also very locally in northern Vietnam.
It is a medium-sized to large tree, reaching 30 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m, possibly more. The leaves are deciduous, spirally arranged but twisted at the base to lie in two horizontal ranks, 5-20 mm long and 1-2 mm broad, but 2-3 mm long and scale-like on shoots in the upper crown. The cones are green maturing yellow-brown, pear-shaped, 2-3 cm long and 1-1.5 cm diameter, broadest near the apex. They open when mature to release the small, 5-6 mm long, winged seeds.
It typically grows in river banks, ponds and swamps, growing in water up to 60 cm deep. Like the related genus Taxodium, it produces 'cypress knees' when growing in water, thought to help transport oxygen to the roots.
The species is nearly extinct in the wild due to overcutting for its valuable decay-resistant, scented wood, but it is also fairly widely planted along the banks of rice paddies where its roots help to stabilise the banks by reducing soil erosion.
The genus once had a much wider range, covering the most of Northern Hemisphere, including the high Arctic in the Paleocene. The oldest known fossils are late Cretaceous in age, found in North America. It contributed greatly to the coal swamps of the Cenozoic era. It was reduced to its current range before and during the ice ages.
[edit] References
- Farjon et al (2005). Glyptostrobus pensilis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 06 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is endangered
