Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi

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Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi of Afghanistan

Sardar Ghulam Muhammad Khan Tarzi (1830 - 1900), son of Sardar Rahim Dik Khan, Governor of Baluchistan, is often given credit for developing the name "Tarzi," a family that would go on to play critical roles in the history of Afghanistan.^[1] Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi's family belonged to the royal clan known as the Mohamedzai. He was a soldier, poet, and leader in Afghanistan.^[2]

1 Biography
2 Additional Information
3 External Links
4 References

[edit] Biography

Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi's family belonged to the royal clan known as the Mohamedzai. The Mohamedzai is the most powerful and prominent of the Barakzai Dynasty. After being a soldier in his youth, Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi took up his great interest in poetry. Soon thereafter, he was integrated by Amir Dost Muhammad into the community of state princes and learned scholar. Tarzi was related to both Amir Dost Muhammad and his successor, Amir Sher Ali Khan.^[3]

Politically, there is only loose evidence that remains which shows Tarzi as a Chief in southern Afghanistan. In a report from the Bombay foreign Secretary to the government of India regarding Tarzi, it was written that

"Sardar Gholam Mohammad of Qandahar is the eldest son of Sardar Rahmdel. Our scant information indicates that at one time he was a prominent chief but there is no actual evidence that he held an important post in Afghanistan at this time. His cousin, the governor does not have a good opinion of him. As far as we know, he has never rendered a service to the British government and therefore we are in no way indebted to him.^[4]"

The latter part of the letter is true, as it is known that Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi was a nationalist. The sentence regarding his cousin not having a good opinion of him was because the cousin was loyal to the British at that time.

Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi was one of the Sardar's (leaders) whom the Amir accused of rebellion. This expelled him from Afghanistan in 1881. He would move to Karachi and then to India. There he would again begin write his poetry and tour many major cities in India, always welcomed by the anti-monarchs in the country. Ghulam Muhammad took the pen-name “Tarzi” (the stylist/the intellectual) because he wrote a large body of religious, mystic and secular poetry with his very personal style that was well known from Syria to Turkmenistan to India. After he grew tired of India, he moved his family to Baghdad, as invited guests of Sheikh Abdul-adar Ghilani. British controlled India was happy to see him leave, as the British did not count him as a supporter. Soon thereafter, they would make another move to Istanbul, Turkey, where the Sultan bestowed upon the family all royal favours and had them stay at a government house with a large monthly allowance. During their stay as imperial guests, they met most of the ministers and other dignitaries. After a long tenure, they made their final move to Damascus. Tarzi was known for his intimate gatherings with city leaders to talk philosophy and ethics on daily basis. ^[5]

Tarzi would later in his life re-establish contact with Amir Abdur Rahman Khan and exchanged many ideas. Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi's name and his works were and are still well-known in all eastern countries, from Iran to India to even China. He, and his son Mahmud Tarzi, would become valuable academic sources in Western countries as well in the early 19th century.

In 1897, Tarzi for the last time made the pilgrimage to Mecca. It was in the year [[1900] that he passed away. Formal funeral arrangements were made by the Syrian authorities. He was buried in the Hazrat Dahdah cemetery in Damascus with country leaders paying respects from over ten nations/empires.

[edit] Additional Information

Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi is the father of the famed Afghan leader Mahmud Tarzi who would not only become a poet, but Ambassador and Foreign Minister of Afghanistan.
There is no exact date of birth for Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi.
Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi's grand-daughter, Soraya Tarzi, would go one to become Queen of Afghanistan and an international women's leader.