German Type IX submarine

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A type IX U-Boat, The U-505
A type IX U-Boat, The U-505

The Type IX U-boat was designed by Germany in 1935 and 1936 as a large ocean-going submarine for sustained operations far from the home support facilities. Type IX boats were briefly used for patrols off the eastern United States, in an attempt to disrupt the stream of troops and supplies bound for Europe. The extended range came at the cost of longer dive times and decreased maneuverability, which is why the smaller Type VII was produced in greater numbers and used for the bulk of operations. It was derived from the Type IA, and appeared in various sub-types.

Contents

Type IXs had six torpedo tubes, four at the bow and two at the stern. They carried six reloads internally and had five external torpedo containers (three at the stern and two at the bow) which stored ten additional torpedoes. The total of 22 torpedoes allowed U-boat commanders to follow a convoy and strike night after night. As mine-layers they could carry 44 TMA or 66 TMB mines, but many of the IXC boats were not fitted for mine operations.

Secondary armament was provided by one large Utof 105/45 gun with about 110 rounds. Antiaircraft armament differed throughout the war. They had two periscopes in the tower. Types IXA and IXB had an additional periscope in the control room, which was removed in Type IXC and afterward.

[edit] Type IXA

Eight Type IXA U-boats were built by AG Weser of Bremen.

U-37 - U-38 - U-39 - U-40 - U-41 - U-42 - U-43 - U-44

General characteristics

  • Displacement: surfaced 1032 t, submerged 1152 t
  • Length: overall 76.6 m, pressure hull 58.7 m
  • Beam: overall 6.5 m, pressure hull 4.4 m
  • Draft: 4.7 m
  • Height: 9.4 m
  • Power: surfaced 4400 horsepower (3,300 kW), submerged 1000 horsepower (746 kW)
  • Speed: surfaced 18.2 knots (34 km/h), submerged 7.7 knots (14 km/h)
  • Range: surfaced 19,425 km (10,500 miles) at 10 knots (19 km/h), submerged 144 km (78 miles) at 4 knots (7 km/h)
  • Torpedo tubes: 4 bow, 2 stern (22 55cm {21.7in} torpedoes)
  • Deck gun: Utof 105/45 with 110 rounds
  • Crew: 48 to 56 men
  • Max depth: 230 m (750 ft)

[edit] Type IXB

Type IXB was an improved model with an increased range. It was the most successful version overall with each boat averaging a total of over 100,000 t sunk.

Famous IXB boats included U-123 under the command of Reinhard Hardegen, which opened up the attack in the US waters in early 1942 known as Operation Drumbeat, and U-107 out of Freetown, Africa under the command of Hessler, which had the most successful single mission of the war over with close to 100,000 t sunk.

Fourteen Type IXB U-boats were built by AG Weser of Bremen.

U-64 - U-65 - U-103 - U-104 - U-105 - U-106 - U-107 - U-108 - U-109 - U-110 - U-111 - U-122 - U-123 - U-124

General characteristics

  • Displacement: surfaced 1051 t, submerged 1178 t
  • Length: overall 76.5 m (251 ft 0 in), pressure hull 58.7 m (192 ft 7 in)
  • Beam: overall 6.8 m (22 ft 4 in), pressure hull 4.4 m (14 ft 5i n)
  • Draft: 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in)
  • Height: 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)
  • Power: surfaced 4400 horsepower (3300 kW), submerged 1000 horsepower (746 kW)
  • Speed: surfaced 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h), submerged 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h)
  • Range: surfaced 22,200 km (12,000 [[nautical mile|nmi]) at 10 knots (19 km/h), submerged 118 km (64 nmi) at 4 knots (7 km/h)
  • Torpedo tubes: 4 bow, 2 stern tubes (22×550 mm {21.7 in} torpedoes)
  • Deck gun: Utof 105/45 with 110 rounds
  • Crew: 48 to 56 men
  • Max depth: 230 m (750 ft)

[edit] Type IXC

Type IXC was a further refinement of the class with storage for an additional 43 t of fuel, increasing the boat's range. This series omitted the control room periscope leaving the boats with two tower scopes.

1/700 scale model type IXc U-Boat
1/700 scale model type IXc U-Boat

As mine-layers they could carry 44 TMA or 66 TMB mines, though U-162 through U-170 and U-505 through U-550 (35 boats), were not fitted for mine operations.

One IXC carries the distinction of being the only U-boat sunk in the Gulf of Mexico, U-166.

U-505 survives at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, and as of 2005 has been completely renovated.

Fifty four of this type were built by AG Weser and Seebeck Yard of Bremen, and Deutsche Werft of Hamburg.

U-66 - U-67 - U-68 - U-125 - U-126 - U-127 - U-128 - U-129 - U-130 - U-131 - U-153 - U-154 - U-155 - U-156 - U-157 - U-158 - U-159 - U-160 - U-161 - U-162 - U-163 - U-164 - U-165 - U-166 - U-171 - U-172 - U-173 - U-174 - U-175 - U-176 - U-501 - U-502 - U-503 - U-504 - U-505 - U-506 - U-507 - U-508 - U-509 - U-510 - U-511 - U-512 - U-513 - U-514 - U-515 - U-516 - U-517 - U-518 - U-519 - U-520 - U-521 - U-522 - U-523 - U-524 - U-533

General characteristics

  • Displacement: surfaced 1120 t, submerged 1232 t
  • Length: overall 76.8m (251ft 11.6in), pressure hull 58.7m (192ft 7in)
  • Beam: overall 6.8m (22ft 3.7in), pressure hull 4.4m (14ft 5in)
  • Draft: 4.7m (15ft 5in)
  • Height: 9.4m (30ft 10in)
  • Power: surfaced 4400 horsepower (3300 kW), submerged 1000 horsepower (746 kW)
  • Speed: surfaced 18.3 knots (34kph), submerged 7.3 knots (13.5kph)
  • Range: surfaced 24,880 km (13,450 miles) at 10 knots (19 km/h), submerged 117 km (63 miles) at 4 knots (7 km/h)
  • Torpedo tubes: 4 bow, 2 stern (22 55cm {21.7in} torpedoes)
  • Deck gun: Utof 105/45 with 110 rounds
  • Crew: 48 to 56 men
  • Max depth: 230 m (750 ft)

[edit] Type IXC/40

Type IXC/40 was a slight modification of Type IXC with a slightly increased range and somewhat higher surface speed.

Eighty seven of this type were built by AG Weser and Seebeck Yard of Bremen, and Deutsche Werft of Hamburg.

U-167 - U-168 - U-169 - U-170 - U-183 - U-184 - U-185 - U-186 - U-187 - U-188 - U-189 - U-190 - U-191 - U-192 - U-193 - U-194 - U-525 - U-526 - U-527 - U-528 - U-529 - U-530 - U-531 - U-532 - U-533 - U-534 - U-535 - U-536 - U-537 - U-538 - U-539 - U-540 - U-541 - U-542 - U-543 - U-544 - U-545 - U-546 - U-547 - U-548 - U-549 - U-550 - U-801 - U-802 - U-803 - U-804 - U-805 - U-806 - U-841 - U-842 - U-843 - U-844 - U-845 - U-846 - U-853 - U-854 - U-855 - U-856 - U-857 - U-858 - U-865 - U-866 - U-867 - U-868 - U-869 - U-870 - U-877 - U-878 - U-879 - U-880 - U-881 - U-889 - U-1221 - U-1222 - U-1223 - U-1224 - U-1225 - U-1226 - U-1227 - U-1228 - U-1229 - U-1230 - U-1231 - U-1232 - U-1233 - U-1234 - U-1235

General characteristics

  • Displacement: surfaced 1120 t, submerged 1232 t
  • Length: overall 76.8 m (252 ft 0 in), pressure hull 58.7 m (192 ft 7 in)
  • Beam: overall 6.9 m (22 ft 7.7 in), pressure hull 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in)
  • Draft: 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in)
  • Height: 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in)
  • Power: surfaced 4400 horsepower (3,300 kW) diesel, submerged 1000 horsepower (746 kW)
  • Speed: surfaced 19 knots (35 km/h), submerged 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h)
  • Range: surfaced 13,850 miles at 10 knots (25,620 km at 19 km/h), submerged 63 miles at 4 knots (117 km at 7 km/h)
  • Torpedo tubes: 4 bow, 2 stern (22×55 cm {21.7 in} torpedoes)
  • Deck gun: Utof 105/45 with 110 rounds
  • Crew: 48 to 56 men
  • Max depth: 230 m (750 ft)

[edit] Type IXD

Type IXD was significantly longer and heavier than the IXC/40. A variant of the Type IXD, known as the IXD/42, was almost identical but with more engine power (5400 ehp instead of 4400).

In 1943 and 1944 the torpedo tubes were removed from a number of IXD boats and they converted for transport use. In their new role the could transport 252 t of freight.

Thirty Type IXD U-boats were built by AG Weser of Bremen. U-177 - U-178 - U-179 - U-180 - U-181 - U-182 - U-195 - U-196 - U-197 - U-198 - U-199 - U-200 - U-847 - U-848 - U-849 - U-850 - U-851 - U-852 - U-859 - U-860 - U-861 - U-862 - U-863 - U-864 - U-871 - U-872 - U-873 - U-874 - U-875 - U-876

Several Type IXD/42 U-boats were contracted to be built AG Weser of Bremen, but only one was commissioned.

U-883 was launched on April 28, 1944 and commissioned March 27, 1945. Her career ended in Operation Deadlight.

U-884 was launched on May 17, 1944 but was badly damaged on March 30, 1945 by US bombs while still in dockyard hands. U-885, U-886 U-887, and U-888 were laid down but construction halted on September 30, 1943 when all IXD/42 contracts were cancelled.

General characteristics

  • Displacement: surfaced 1610 t, submerged 1799 t
  • Length: overall 87.6 m (287 ft 5 in), pressure hull 68.5 m (224 ft 9 in)
  • Beam: overall 7.5 m (24 ft 7.3 in), pressure hull 4.4 m (14 ft 5 in)
  • Draft: 5.4 m (17 ft 9 in)
  • Height: 10.2 m (33 ft 6 in)
  • Power: surfaced 4400 horsepower (3300 kW) diesel, submerged 1000 horsepower (746 kW)
  • Speed: surfaced 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h), submerged 6.9 knots (12.8 km/hj)
  • Range: surfaced 12,750 miles at 10 knots (23,600 km @ 19 km/h), submerged 115 miles at 4 knots (213 km @ 7 km/h)
  • Torpedo tubes: 4 bow, 2 stern (24×55 cm {21.7 in} torpedoes)
  • Deck gun: Utof 105/45 with 150 rounds
  • Crew: 55 to 63 men
  • Max depth: 230 m (750 ft)


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