George John Dasch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
George John Dasch (February 7, 1903–1992) was a German spy and saboteur who landed on American soil during World War II. He helped to destroy Nazi Germany’s espionage program in the United States by defecting to the American cause, but was tried and convicted for treason and espionage.
Contents |
[edit] Early life
Dasch entered a convent to study for the priesthood when thirteen years of age and in 1917, at the age of fourteen, enlisted in the German Army, serving in Northern France for eleven months. In 1923, Dasch spent a year living in the United States illegally by entering a ship as a stowaway. Between 1923 and 1941, Dasch returned to Germany on two short visits.
Dasch enlisted as a private in the US Army and served slightly more than one year, at which time he purchased himself out of the Army and received an honorable discharge.
In 1930, Dasch married Rose Marie Guille, a Native American.
[edit] Operation Pastorius
[edit] Preparation for espionage
Dasch and the others were trained for espionage activities against the U.S. in a school specifically used for the training of sabotage agents by the German High Command, on an estate at Quentz Lake, Bradenburg, near Berlin, Germany.
The saboteurs received three weeks of intensive sabotage training and were instructed in the manufacture and use of explosives, incendiary material and various forms of mechanical, chemical, and electrical delayed timing devices. This training was both theoretical and practical. Considerable time was spent by the instructors with the saboteurs in developing complete background histories which they were expected to use in the United States. They were encouraged to converse together in the English language and to read American newspapers and magazines in order that no suspicion would be directed to them in the event they were interrogated while in the United States.
[edit] Espionage activities
On June 13, 1942 a Coast Guardsman from a station in Amagansett, New York noticed Colonel Dasch and three others posing as fisherman off the coast of Long Island with a raft. When the soldier investigated, he found that the men were armed and that the men offered him $260.00 to keep the information of their whereabouts undisclosed. The Coast Guardsman also noticed a submerged submarine, prompting him to alert authorities. Investigations later found that the men had left explosives, timers, blasting caps, incendiary devices, cigarettes and German uniforms at the scene. The submarine, however, had since been removed.
It was then confirmed that Nazis had landed on American soil. President Franklin Roosevelt and the FBI director, J. Edgar Hoover were immediately alerted, and the FBI went on a massive manhunt for the men. Hoover also ordered that all information remain undisclosed to avoid public panic, and to not alert the German spies that there was investigation pending.
[edit] Defection to the United States
George John Dasch had been at odds with the Nazi regime. He eventually talked to one of his compatriots, a naturalized German citizen named Ernst Peter Burger, about defecting to the United States. Their original plan was to immediately surrender to the FBI, however, officials disregarded Dasch and Burger’s stories. In order to prove collaboration with the Nazis, Dasch poured $84,000 cash money on the office desk of D.M. Ladd, the director of the Domestic Intelligence Division. [1] Dasch was arrested, and interrogated for eight days. Dasch immediately disclosed the whereabouts of all other men connected in the sabotage operation, including Burger. The two vital goals of the sabotage program were to disrupt war industries and to launch a wave of terror by planting bombs, grenades etc. into railway stations, department stores and public places.
Hoover, meanwhile, had taken credit for overwhelming the German espionage program, and bluffed in order to force Hitler to believe that all future sabotage programs would follow suit and fall in the same manner.
[edit] Aftermath
Dasch, Ernst Peter Burger, and six others - Edward John Kerling, Heinrich Harm Heinck, Richard Quirin, Werner Thiel, Hermann Otto Neubauer, and Herbert Hans Haupt (who had landed in Florida to meet with Dasch and Burger), - were tried by a military commission appointed by President Roosevelt on July 8, 1942 and convicted of sabotage and sentenced to death. At the request of Hoover, President Roosevelt commuted the sentence to life imprisonment for Burger, and thirty years for Dasch. The others were executed in the electric chair in Washington D.C Jail on 8 August 1942.
President Truman later pardoned both Burger and Dasch in 1948, and had them deported back to Germany. There, they were branded as traitors to Germany, responsible for the deaths of their comrades.
