Geography of Kochi

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Kochi (pronunciation (help·info); Malayalam: കൊച്ചി [Kocci]); formerly known as Cochin) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. Kochi is located in the district of Ernakulam, about 220 km north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram. Old Kochi loosely refers to a group of islands including Willingdon Island, Fort Kochi and Mattancherry. Today Kochi includes Ernakulam, old parts of Kochi, Kumbalangi, and outlying islands. For many centuries up to and during the British Raj, the city of Kochi was the seat of the eponymous princely state — the Kingdom of Cochin, which lay between 9.48° and 10.50° latitude and 76.5° and 76.58° E longitude. The coordinates of the present city are: 9°58′0″N, 76°13′60″E

Contents 1 Location 2 List of islands 3 Geographical features 3.1 Soil and rock 3.2 Climate 3.3 Flora and fauna 4 See also 5 Notes

[edit] Location

Kochi is located on the southwest coast of India, in the southern state of Kerala. The city lies at the sea mouth of seven major rivers which start from the Western Ghats and travel through Kerala’s midlands, lowlands and coastal areas, to drain out into the Arabian Sea. Earlier, Kochi was used to refer to the region encompassing Mattancherry, Fort Kochi, Palluruthy and Thoppumpadi. Today, Kochi comprises the mainland Ernakulam, old Kochi, Kadavanthra, the suburbs of Edapally and the exurbia of Kalamassery and Kakkanad to the northeast; Tripunithura to the south east; and a group of islands closely scattered in the Vembanad lake.

[edit] List of islands

Most of the islands of Kochi are very small, varying in extent from 4 square miles to less than a square mile. The major islands in Kochi are :

• Bolghatty Island (Ponjikkara)
• Willingdon Island
• Vypeen Island
• Ramanthuruthu
• Vallarpadam
• Kumbalam
• Cherai
• Cheranelloor

[edit] Geographical features

Kochi lies at the northern end of a narrow neck of land, about 19 km long and less than 1.6 km wide in many places, and is separated from the mainland by inlets from the Arabian sea and by the estuaries of rivers draining from the Western Ghats. As a result, Kochi is a natural harbour.

Much of Kochi lies at the sea level, and the entire city spans an area of 87.5 km². The city has a seacoast of about 30 miles.^[1] Willingdon Island is a large artificial island, created by dredging the Vembanad Lake under the direction of Lord Willingdon.^[2] The city has a rich network of backwaters, which has been declared as National Waterways by the Central Government.^[3]

[edit] Soil and rock

The soil consists mainly of recent sediments (Alluvium, Teri’s, Brown sands etc.). Hydromorphic saline soils are also found in the areas surrounding the backwaters. The major rock types are Archaean-basic dykes, Charnockites and Gneisses.

[edit] Climate

Month Temp(°C) Rain(cm) Wind(km/h) Dew Point(°C) Jan 24 0.9 12 20 Feb 28 1 12 22 Mar 28 1.9 23 14 Apr 29 5.1 24 14 May 28 12.5 25 14 Jun 26 22.3 24 12 Jul 26 20.6 23 12 Aug 26 13.4 23 12 Sep 27 9.8 23 12 Oct 27 12.5 23 9 Nov 27 6.3 23 9 Dec 27 1.9 21 9

Note: Values given are the average over each month.[4]

Kochi’s climate is generally tropical, with no harsh extremities. Surface temperatures range between 20–35 °C (68–95 °F). The current record high temperature is 38 °C; the lowest is 17 °C. Heavy rains accompanied by thunder are common from June through September due to the South-West monsoon. Light showers are experienced from October to December due to the North-West monsoon. The average annual rainfall is about 350 cm with an average 132 rainy days annually; the bulk of the rainfall stems from the South-West monsoon. The winds are moderate, with slight increase during summer and the monsoon seasons.

[edit] Flora and fauna

The flora of the region is predominantly tropical. Common vegetation in the region include Launaea, Ipomoea, Portulaca, Hydrocotyle, Spinifex, Lippia, Moniera, Cynodon, Digitari, Cyperus etc. Magrove formations are also common. Though much of the city is urbanised, the city retains an ecologically sensitive area right at its centre — the Mangalavanam. Mangalavanam is a nesting ground for a vast variety of migratory birds and supports many varieties of mangroves. This rare ecosystem in the heart of the city has helped mitigate Kochi’s pollution problems. The Mangalavanam is also a protected bird sanctuary.

The backwaters also harbour many different types of fishes. Aquatic mammals like dolphins are aplenty in the backwaters of Kochi.

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes