Geography of Karafuto
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The prefecture of Karafuto incorporated several smaller islands, including Kaihyo Island, Hinode Bana Rock in Aniwa Gulf, Totomi-Shiri or Kaiba Island, and Kiken Island.
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[edit] Mountains
Karafuto is a very mountainous area. Its highest mountain is Mount Shikuka 敷香岳 (1,375 km) Then comes as follows
- Mount Horoto 幌登岳 (1,259m)
- Mount Esutoru 恵須取岳 (1,135m)
- Mount Fushimi 釜伏岳 (1,087m)
- Mount Suzuya 鈴谷岳 (1,045m)
- Mount Shikuka (1,375m)
- Mount Hurito (1,035m)
- Mount Niitoi (1,034m)
- Mount Nodasamu (1,029m)
- Mount Kitasoya (1,009m)
- Mount Kamabushe (1,087m)
- Mount Ishara
- Mount Tihara
- Mount Kawakami
- Mount Toyohara
- Mount Rutaka
- Mount Rukutama
- Mount Namponodahama
- Mount Kondo
- Mount Ushinai
- Mount Ushoro
- Mount Naka or Koshubetsu
- Mount Sakae or Naibushi
- Mount Tonnai
- Mount Koton or Naramitoshi
- Mount Airo
- Mount Noda
- Mount Maoka
- Mount Taranai
- Mount Maefushi
- Mount Minaminayoshi
- Mount Kitanayoshi
- Mount Kusunai
- Mount Anbetsu
- Mount Ennai
- Mount Tei
- Mount Nayoshihara
- Nevelskoi Mountain, Tym, Poronai or Horonai(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Mount Alexandrovsk or Ako(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Mount Nogliki or Noguriki(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Mount Pogibi or Pogushi(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Mount Ohka or Oha(in Russian Sakhalin)
[edit] Lakes
- Lake Taraika 多来加湖
- Lake Tomunai 富内湖
- Lake Raichishi 来知志湖
- Lake Tobuchi 遠渕湖
- Lake Waai 和愛湖
- Lake Jimeni 地邊讃湖
- Lake Enhoro 遠幌湖
- Lake Ondo 恩洞湖
- Lake Shiretori 白鳥湖
- Lake Omudo 雄武洞沼
- Lake Toro 塔路沼
- Lake Tonnai
- Lake Tobushi
- Lake Naka
- Lake Shibesan
- Lake Tohoro
- Lake Oomoto
- Lake Omutonuma
- Lake Toronuma
- Lake Ushinai
- Lake Nagahama
[edit] Rivers
- Horonai River
- Naibushi River or Sakae River
- Rutaka River
- Rukutama River
- Suzuya River
- Maifushi River
- Raichisi River
- Shinnai River
- Kitanayoshi River
- Taranai River
- Namponodahama River
- Maoka River
- Ushinai River
- Ushoro River
- Nekoro River
- Noda River
- Kusunai River
- Anbetsu River
- Esotoru River
- Toru River
- Taraika River
- Nairo River
- Tym River, Poronai River, or Horonai River(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Pogibi River or Pogushi River(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Nogliki River or Noguriki River(in Russian Sakhalin)
[edit] Bays and Gulfs
- Higashi-Fushimi Aniwa Bay or Aniva Bay
- Aniwa Gulf or Aniva Gulf
- Sinchiro,Burotan, Taraika Bay, Patience Bay, or Terpeniye Bay
- Patience Gulf, Terpeniye Gulf, Burotan Gulf, or Taraika Gulf
- Staing Bay, Tsilmetiew Bay, Tsilmetiev Bay, or Ushoro Bay
- Oha Bay, or Ohka Bay(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Nogliki Bay, or Noguriki Bay(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Alexandrovsk bay or Ako Bay(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Mamiya Bay {?) or Moskalvo Bay(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Kita Ezo Bay(?) or Sakhalin Bay & Sakhalin Gulf)(in Russia Sakhalin)
[edit] Capes and Peninsulas
- Yuzo Cape or Naka-Shiretoko Cape
- Airo-Shiretoko Cape
- Nishi-Notoro, Shiretoi Cape or Kondo-Shiretoko Cape
- Tokombo or Naihoro-Shiretoko Cape
- Minaminayoshi-Shiretoko Cape
- Kita-Shiretoko Cape
- Ushoro Cape
- Soni Cape
- Maoka Cape
- Ko-Nodasamu Cape
- Marii Cape,Renzo Cape or Mamiya-Shiretoko Cape(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Elizabeth Cape or Ezoyukihama-Shiretoko Cape(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Yuzo Peninsule or Naka-Airo Peninsula
- Nishi-Notoro Peninsula, Shiretoi Peninsule or Kondo Peninsula
- Kita-Shiretoko Peninsula
- Elizabeth Peninsula or Ezoyukihama Peninsula(in Russian Sakhalin)
[edit] Plains
- Susui or Suzuya South Karafuto area Plain
- Maefushi North Karafuto area Plain
- Tym-Horonai Plain(in Russian Sakhalin)
- Sakhalin North Plain(in Russian Sakhalin)
[edit] Isthmuses
- Kushun Nai or Kushun Nai-Manue Central Istmus
- or Poyasok Central istmus
[edit] Straits
- La Perouse or Soya Strait
- Mamiya or Nevelskoi Strait(in Russian Sakhalin)
[edit] Important ports
- Karafuto
- Maoka or Kholmsk
- Ootomari or Korzakov
- Sakhalin
- Alexandrovsk or Ako
- Moskalvo
- Ohka or Oha
See also: List of cities in Karafuto
[edit] Climate
Owing to the influence of the raw, foggy Sea of Okhotsk, the climate is very cold. At Dui the average yearly temperature is only 0.5° C (January -15.9°; July 16.1°), 1.7° at Kushunkotan and 3.1° at Aniwa (January, -12.5°; July, 15.7°). At Mamiya near Dui the annual range is from 27° in July to -39° in January, while at Rutaka in the interior the minimum is -45° C. The rainfall averages 570 mm. Thick clouds for the most part shut out the sun; while the cold current from the Sea of Okhotsk, aided by north-east winds, brings immense ice-floes to the east coast in summer.
During the winter, the Sea of Okhotsk turns to ice, rendering the northern coast impassable to marine traffic, and halting the lucrative fisheries there until the thaw.
[edit] Major Cities
Karafuto's largest city was Toyohara. Other major cities included Esutoru in the North Central and Maoka in the south central region. In the North, there was a city called Ako (Alexandovsk in north Sakhalin) penal colony by the Russians.
Karafuto, like Hokkaidō, was divided into sub-prefectures:
- Toyohara Sub Prefecture
cities -Toyohara(豊原) -Ochiai(落合) -Rutaka (留多加)
- Maoka Sub Prefecture
cities -Honto (本斗) -Naihoro (内幌) -Maoka (真岡) -Noda (野田)
- Esutoru Sub Prefecture
cities -Chinnai (珍内) -Esutoru (恵須取) -Toro (塔路) -Nayoshi (名好)
- Shikuka Sub Prefecture
cities -Shirutoru (知取) -Shikuka (敷香)
