Ge with upturn

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Cyrillic letter Ge with upturn
Cyrillic alphabet
А	Б	В	Г	Ґ	Ѓ	Д
Ђ	Е	Ѐ	Ё	Є	Ж	З
Ѕ	И	Ѝ	І	Ї	Й	Ј
К	Ќ	Л	Љ	М	Н	Њ
О	П	Р	С	Т	Ћ	У
Ў	Ф	Х	Ц	Ч	Џ	Ш
Щ	Ъ	Ы	Ь	Э	Ю	Я
Non-Slavic letters
Ӑ	Ӓ	Ә	Ӛ	Ӕ	Ҕ	Ӗ
Ғ	Ӷ	Ӏ	Ӂ	Җ	Ӝ	Ҙ
Ӟ	Ӡ	Ӣ	Ӥ	Ҋ	Ҡ	Қ
Ҟ	Ҝ	Ӄ	Ӆ	Ӎ	Ң	Ҥ
Ӊ	Ӈ	Ө	Ӫ	Ӧ	Ҧ	Ҏ
Ҫ	Ҷ	Ҹ	Ӵ	Ҽ	Ҿ	Ӌ
Ҩ	Ҳ	Һ	Ҭ	Ҵ	Ӳ	Ӯ
Ү	Ұ	Ӱ	Ӹ	Ҍ	Ӭ
Archaic letters
Ҁ	Ѹ	Ѡ	Ѿ	Ѻ	Ѣ	ІА
Ѥ	Ѧ	Ѫ	Ѩ	Ѭ	Ѯ	Ѱ
Ѳ	Ѵ	Ѷ

Ge (Ґ ґ; also called ghe or ge with upturn, in Unicode: CYRILLIC CAPITAL/SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet representing /ɡ/, like g in the English word go.

In early Belarusian and Ukrainian orthographies, Latin g or the digraph кг (kh) were sometimes used to denote the sound of Latin g in assimilated words. Later the practice of distinguishing this sound and using the digraph disappeared from Belarusian orthography. In the nineteenth century, the letter ґ, serving an identical purpose, was introduced into the orthographies of Ukrainian and Rusyn language.

Ukrainian ґ was eliminated in the Russified Soviet orthographic reforms of 1933, its function subsumed into that of the letter г. However, ґ continued to be used by the Ukrainian diaspora, and was reintroduced in a 1990 Glasnost reform.

During the twentieth century, some Belarusian linguists, notably Yan Stankyevich, promoted both the reintroduction of the practice of pronouncing Latin g in, at least, newly assimilated words, and the adoption of letter ґ to represent it. However, consensus on this has never been reached, and this letter has never been part of standard Belarusian alphabet, seeing only sporadic periods of use. E.g., code of alternative Belarusian orthography rules, based on the proposal of V. Vyachorka and published in 2005, has the letter ґ included in the alphabet.

[edit] Code positions

Character encoding	Case	Decimal	Hexadecimal	Octal	Binary
Unicode	Capital	1168	0490	002220	0000010010010000
	Small	1169	0491	002221	0000010010010001
Windows-1251	Capital	165	a5	245	0010100101
	Small	180	b4	264	0010110100
KOI8-U	Capital	189	bd	275	0010111101
	Small	173	ad	255	0010101101

Its HTML entities are: Ґ or Ґ for capital and ґ or ґ for small letter.

[edit] References

• Да рэформы беларускай азбукі. // Пасяджэньні Беларускае Акадэмічнае Конфэрэнцыі па рэформе правапісу і азбукі. - Мн.: [б. м.], [1927?].
• Ян Станкевіч. Гук «ґ» у беларускай мове // Ян Станкевіч. Збор твораў у двух тамах. Т. 2. - Мн.: Энцыклапедыкс, 2002. ISBN 985-6599-46-6