Gazu Hyakki Yakō

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Gazu Hyakki Yakō (画図百鬼夜行? "The Illustrated Night Parade of A Hundred Demons") is the first book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous Gazu Hyakki Yakō series, published ca. 1781. These books are supernatural bestiaries, collections of ghosts, spirits, spooks and monsters, many of which Toriyama based on literature, folklore, other artwork. These works have had a profound influence on subsequent yōkai imagery in Japan.

Contents

[edit] List of creatures

[edit] First Volume - 陰

  • Kodama (木魅?) is the spirit of a hundred-year-old tree, illustrated as an old man. [1][2]
Main article: Kodama (spirit)
  • Tengu (天狗?) is a mountain spirit, illustrated as a monstrous kite-like bird sitting in the top of a tree. [3][4]
Main article: Tengu
  • Yamabiko (幽谷響?) is a creature said to be the source of mountain echos, which Sekien drew as a black hairy animal resembling a cross between a dog and a monkey. [5][6]
  • Yamawarawa (山童?), also called Yamawaro, is a mountain-dwelling creature from Kyūshū, sometimes considered to be the form taken on by the kappa in winter. Sekien drew it with one eye and covered in hair. [7][8]
  • Yama-uba (山姥?) is a mountain hag. [9] [10]
Main article: Yama-uba
  • Inugami (犬神?) is dog spirit, said to do the bidding of certain families on Shikoku. Sekien depicted it in anthropomorphic form, wearing an eboshi hat. [11][12]
Main article: Inugami
  • Shirachigo (白児, white child?) is an obscure creature, perhaps Sekien's invention, depicted alongside the inugami and acting as its servant. [13] [14][15]
  • Nekomata (猫股?) is a cat which has been transformed into a monster, marked by its forked tail. [16][17]
Main article: Bakeneko
  • Kappa (河童?) is a famous water-imp. [18]
Main article: Kappa (folklore)
  • Kawauso (獺?) is a supernatural river-otter. [19] [20]
  • Akaname (垢嘗?) is a monster who licks the grime out of dirty bathrooms. [21][22]
Main article: Akaname
Main article: Tanuki
  • Kamaitachi (鎌鼬?) is a weasel-like monster which travels in a whirlwind and slashes at humans with the sickles it carries. [25]
Main article: Kamaitachi
  • Amikiri (網剪?) is a mischievous creature which cuts mosquito nets at night, illustrated by Sekien as a flying snake-like animal with a bird-like head and lobster claws. [26][27]
Main article: Amikiri
  • Kitsune-bi (狐火?) is ghostly fire created by foxes. [28][29]
Main article: Kitsune

[edit] Second Volume - 陽

  • Jorōgumo (絡新婦?) is a spider monster taking the form of a woman. [30][31]
  • Ten (鼬?) are martens, which Sekien drew climbing on top of each other form a column which emits a mysterious flame. [32][33]
  • Sōgenbi (宗源火?)} is a fireball which appears near Mibudera temple in Kyoto, said to be the tormented spirit of a monk who stole money and lamp oil. [34][35]
  • Tsurubebi (釣瓶火?) is a fireball which drops from the top of a tree. [36][37]
Main article: Tsurube-otoshi
  • Ubagabi (姥が火?) is a fireball which is the ghost of a greedy old woman. [39][40]
  • Kasha (火車?) is a cat-like monster which steals corpses during a funeral. [41] [42]
  • Yanari (鳴屋?) is a small creature which makes strange noises in old houses. [43] [44]
  • Ubume (姑獲鳥?) is the ghost of a pregnant woman who appears holding her child near bodies of water. [45] [46]
Main article: Ubume
  • Umizatō (海座頭?)} is a blind giant who appears on the surface of the sea and sinks boats. [47] [48]
  • Noderabō (野寺坊?)} is a strange creature standing near a temple bell. Its origins are unkwown. [49] [50]
  • Taka-onna (高女, tall woman?)} is a female monster which stretches itself to peer into rooms on the second story of a house. [51] [52]
  • Te-no-me (手の目?) is a creature with its eyes on its hands, the resentful spirit of a blind man murdered by bandits. [53] [54]
  • Tesso (鉄鼠?) is the ghost of a priest of Mii-dera named Raigō Anjari, who, snubbed by the emperor in favor of Enryaku-ji, starved himself to death and became a swarm of rats which laid waste to the rival temple. [55] [56]
  • Kurozuka (黒塚?) is the infamous, cannibalistic hag of Adachigahara. [57] [58] [59]
  • Rokurokubi (飛頭蛮, ろくろ首?) is a woman who suffers from a supernatural illness, causing her head to float away from her body at night while her neck stretches indefinitely. [60] [61]
Main article: Rokurokubi
  • Sakabashira (逆柱?) is a pillar that has been installed upside down, which causes the house to become haunted. [62] [63]
  • Makura-gaeshi (反枕?) is a spirit that takes your pillow out from under your head while you sleep and places it by your feet instead. [64] [65]
  • Yuki-onna (雪女?) is a pale female spirit who appears in the snow, who sometimes causes people to freeze to death. [66] [67]
Main article: Yuki-onna
  • Ikiryō (生霊?) is a "living ghost", a spirit which appears outside of its body while its owner is still alive. It often belongs to a woman motivated by jealousy. [68] [69]
  • Shiryō (死霊?) is the spirit of a dead person. [70]
  • Yūrei (幽霊?) is a ghost. [71]
Main article: Yūrei

[edit] Third Volume - 風

  • Mikoshi, or Mikoshi-nyūdō (見越, 見越し入道?) is a long-necked creature whose height increases as fast as you can look up at it. [72] [73]
  • Shōkera (精螻蛄?) is a creature which peeks in through the skylight of an old house. [74] [75]
  • Hyōsube (ひょうすべ?) is a monkey-like creature which is kin to the kappa. [76] [77]
  • Waira (わいら?) is a large beast that lurks in the mountains, about which little is known. [78] [79]
  • Otoroshi (おとろし?) is a hairy creature sitting on top of a torii gate, thought to be a guardian of the shrine. [80] [81]
  • Nuribotoke (塗仏?)
  • Nure-onna (濡れ女?)
  • Nurarihyon (ぬらりひょん?)
  • Gagoze (元興寺?)
  • Ōni (苧うに?)　（not to be confused with Oni 鬼)
  • Ao-bōzu (青坊主?)
  • Akashita (赤舌?)
  • Nuppeppō (ぬっぺっぽうNuppeppō?)
  • Ushi-oni (牛鬼?)
Main article: Ushi-oni
  • Uwan (うわん?)

[edit] References

[82] [83]

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