Gay rights in Romania

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Romania, like a number of other Eastern European countries remains socially conservative with regard to the rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender citizens. Despite this, the country has made some notable improvements in its gay rights record since 2000.

Contents 1 Laws against gays 2 Protection based on sexual orientation in law 3 Recognition of same-sex couples 4 Other LGBT-related legislation 5 Gay life in the country 6 See also 7 Notes

[edit] Laws against gays

There are currently no laws against gay citizens in Romania, aside from those that deny equality in marriage. Consensual acts between same-sex adults in private were legalised in 1996, although the last anti-gay law – Article 200 of the Penal Code, which criminalised public manifestations of homosexuality – was repealed only in 2001 due to pressure from the European Council and shortly before the arrival of openly gay U.S. Ambassador to Romania Michael Guest.

[edit] Protection based on sexual orientation in law

In 2000, the Romanian Parliament enacted an law that explicitly outlawed discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in a variety of fields, including employment, the provision of and access to goods and services, housing, education, health care, audiovisual programming, the justice system, other public services and social security.^[1] The law has been successfully tested by the National Council for Combating Discrimination (CNCD), which has successfully fined and filed cases against individuals and firms due to discrimination based on sexual orientation. An example of this was when TAROM, the national air carrier, was fined due to its refusal allow gay partners to take advantage of its discounts for couples on Valentine's Day 2005.^[2] The situation was then rectified by TAROM.

On March 28, 2007, the National Audiovisual Council gave a 10,000 lei (€3000) fine to Prima TV's primetime satire-comedy show, Cronica Cârcotaşilor, for making homophobic comments.^[3] In two episodes, the show's presenters had allegedly made fun of a Prima TV reporter who had come out as gay. The president of the National Audiovisual Council, Ralu Filip, explained the fine by stating that, "I felt it was unacceptable the way in which they made fun of a sexual orientation in this way, especially since it was about a colleague."^[4] This represents the first time an audiovisual programme has been fined for homophobia in Romania, based on Article 46 of the Audiovisual Law, which prevents programmes from containing any discrimination on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation.^[5]

[edit] Recognition of same-sex couples

Main article: Same-sex marriage in Romania

There is currently no recognition of same-sex couples in Romania. Since 2007, however, when Romania joined the EU, the country is obliged to "facilitate" and recognise same-sex relationships registered in other EU member states (be they in the form of same-sex marriage, civil unions or domestic partnerships).

[edit] Other LGBT-related legislation

Since 2002, the age of consent is equal for both heterosexual and homosexual sex, at 15 years of age.^[6]

Since 1996, it is possible for someone who has gone through gender reassignment surgery to legally change their gender in their official documents to reflect their new biological sex. Additionally, it is legal for single women, including lesbians, to access means of assisted insemination, such as IVF.^[7]

Gays are allowed to serve openly in the Romanian army. According to the Ministry of Defence's recruitment policy, "it is the right of every Romanian citizen to take part in the military structures of our country, regardless of their sexual orientation."^[8] Nonetheless, many -- if not most -- gay and lesbian members of the military choose to remain closeted in the work place due to continued fear of discrimination.

[edit] Gay life in the country

Romania has made significant progess in gay rights legislation since 2000. In 2006, it was named by Human Rights Watch as one of five countries that had made "exemplary progress in combating rights abuses based on sexual orientation or gender identity."^[9] Although the last anti-gay law, Article 200, was repealed in 2001, societal attitudes towards gay and lesbian citizens are still quite discriminatory, particularly in rural areas. GayFest pride marches in Bucharest in 2005 and 2006 were met with significant opposition from far-right groups (particularly Noua Dreaptă and the New Generation Party). A parade permit for the 2005 event was initially denied by the Bucharest mayor's office, which relented following pressure from Minister of Justice Monica Macovei and the office of President Traian Basescu. A small and still largely closeted gay scene exists in the Romania's largest cities, particularly in Bucharest, which has a few gay clubs. In addition to the annual GayFest in Bucharest, there are several other LGBT cultural events in the country, such as Cluj-Napoca's Gay Film Nights, an annual LGBT film festival, Annual Gay Prize and Miss Travesty Romania, all organised by Be An Angel Romania at Cluj-Napoca.

The primary nongovernmental organization advocating for LGBT rights, ACCEPT, has worked to break down many of the political and social barriers for LGBT Romanians.

In September 2006, the British Council conducted a survey in various Romanian cities which, among other things, sought to ascertain the beliefs of Romanian young people (aged between 15 and 25) regarding LGBT rights. Of those surveyed, 39.1% believed that LGBT rights should be extended, 35.9% believed that the LGBT rights situation is satisfactory in Romania, while 15.6% of people stated that LGBT people have too many rights. 9.4% were undecided. Additionally, 71.9% of the young people surveyed stated that LGBT rights should be protected, indicating relatively high levels of acceptance among this demographic.^[10].

Open homosexuality is still viewed as a strange phenomenon outside of the major urban centers and rural gay and lesbian Romanians typically remain closeted. In Romania, LBGT communities only exists in a semi-public manner evident in Bucharest and in Cluj, the two largest cities and, to a lesser degree, in other major cities such as Braşov, Ploieşti, Timişoara as well as Constanţa on the Black Sea coast. [1]

A Eurobarometer survey on discrimination in the European Union, conducted in late 2006, revealed that attitudes towards discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation were similar with those of other EU countries. 47% of Romanians believed that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation was "widespread", slightly less than the EU average of 50%. Additionally, 55% of Romanians were in favour of specific measures to provide equal opportunity in employment despite sexual orientation, notably lower than the EU average figure of 66%. 67% of Romanians would agree to anonymously reveal their sexual orientation in the census, "if that could help combat discrimination in Romania", while only 16% would be totally opposed (lower than the EU average of 28%). 58% of Romanians believe that homosexuality was still a taboo in Romania, higher than the EU average of 48%, but lower than for countries such as Italy, Greece, Ireland, Austria and Sweden.^[11]

Other opinion polls have shown Romanians to be extremely intolerant with regard to homosexuality, including a 2003 poll conducted by Gallup for the Institute for Public Policies. In the poll, 45% of respondents said homosexuals should not be treated the same as others in society; 37% thought homosexuality should be criminalized; and 40% thought homosexuals should not be allowed to live in Romania.

[edit] See also

• Same-sex marriage in Romania
• ACCEPT
• Be An Angel

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Accessing Health: the Context and the Challenges for LGBT People in Central and Eastern Europe (April 2006), ILGA-Europe, April 2006
2. ^ Valentine's deal 'left out gay people', The Guardian, March 1, 2005
3. ^ (Romanian) `Circotasii`, amendati pentru ca au ironizat un prezentator gay (Cârcotaşii, fined for making fun of a gay presenter), 7plus.ro, 28 March 2007
4. ^ (Romanian) Alexandra Badicioiu, Cârcotaşii, amendati cu 10.000 de lei (Cârcotaşii, fined 10,000 lei), Cotidianul, 28 March 2007
5. ^ (Romanian) Comunicat de presă: Prima TV amendă de 10.000 de lei; Acasa TV, TV Sport, Prima TV – somaţii publice, National Audiovisual Council, 27 March 2007
6. ^ World Legal Wrap Up Survey July 2006, ILGA
7. ^ Legal Survey of LGBT Rights Worldwide, PDF file
8. ^ Dilema Armatei romane: cu sau fara homosexuali, Evenimentul Zilei, 26 November 2006
9. ^ On International Day Against Homophobia, Violations Mixed With Victories, Human Rights Watch
10. ^ (Romanian) O perspectivă asupra valorilor tinerilor români (A perspective on the values of young Romanian people), British Council in Romania
11. ^ Eurobarometer: Discrimination in the European Union, Romania Country Report, January 2007

	Romanian LGBT topics
Law	Gay rights in Romania | Same-sex marriage in Romania | Article 200
People	Florin Buhuceanu | Romaniţa Iordache | Lucian Dunăreanu | Toxice
Organisations	ACCEPT | Be An Angel
Events	GayFest | Gay Film Nights
Media	Inklusiv | ENOLA | Switch | Angelicuss | GayOne.ro | Radio Q
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