Gas burner

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Propane burner used with forced air into a metal melting furnace.
Propane burner used with forced air into a metal melting furnace.
Propane burner with bunsen flame.
Propane burner with bunsen flame.
Propane oxygen burner used for cutting through steel rails.
Propane oxygen burner used for cutting through steel rails.

A gas burner is a device to generate a flame to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas or propane. Some burners have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air to make a complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.

It has many applications such as soldering, brazing and welding, the latter using oxygen instead of air for getting a hotter flame which is required for melting steel. For laboratory uses a natural gas fired Bunsen burner is used. For melting metals with melting points till 1100 °C such as copper, silver and gold a propane burner with natural drag of air can be used.

Contents

[edit] Table 1: Flame temperatures of common gases and fuels

Gas Flame temperature
Propane in air 1,980 °C
Butane in air 1,970 °C
Wood in air 1,980 °C
Acetylene in air 2,550 °C
Methane (natural gas) in air 1,950 °C
Hydrogen in air 2,055 °C
Propane with air (in air) 1,995 °C
Acetylene in oxygen 3,100+ °C
Hydrogen with air (in air) 2,111 °C
Propane-butane mix with air (in air) 1,225 °C
Coal in air 1,500 °C (approx.)

Info & Assuming:

  • Adiabatic flame
  • 20 degrees Celsius atmoshpere
  • Complete Combustion (No Soot and more Blue like flame is the key)
  • Peak Temperature
  • Speed of Combustion (Has no effect on temp, but more energy relesed per sec (As adiabatic) compaired to normal flame)
  • Spectral Bands also effect colour of flame as of what part and elements of combustion
  • Blackbody radiation (colour apperence only because of heat)
  • Atmosphere - effects temp of flame and colour due the the atmoshperic colour effect

[edit] Table 2: Explosive limits and ignition temperatures of common gases

Explosive limits (lower & upper) Ignition temperatures
Natural gas 4.7 & 15 482 to 632 °C
Propane 2.15 & 9.6 493 to 604 °C
Butane 1.9 & 8.5 482 to 538 °C
Acetylene 2.5 & 81 305 °C
Hydrogen 4 & 75 500 °C
Ammonia 16 & 25 651 °C
Carbon monoxide 12.5 & 74 609 °C
Ethylene 3.4 & 10.8 490 °C

Note: Atmosphere is air at 20 celsius.

[edit] Table 3: Combustion values of common gases

Gas Combustion value
(Btu/ft³) (MJ/m³)
Natural gas (methane) 950 to 1,150 35 to 43
Propane-butane mix 2,500 to 3,200 90 to 120
Propane 2,572 95.8
Butane 3,225 120.1

[edit] See also

  • Flame
  • Pocket Guide to fire and arson investigation, second edition, FM Global, Table 2
  • Gas welding
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