GARIOA
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Government and Relief in Occupied Areas (GARIOA) was the program under which the U.S. after World War II provided emergency aid to the occupied nations, Japan, Germany, Austria.
The aid received was predominantly in the form of food to alleviate starvation in the occupied areas.
Germany
In 1946 the U.S. Congress voted GARIOA funds to prevent "disease and unrest" in occupied Germany. Congress stipulated that the funds were only to be used to import food, petroleum and fertilizers. Use of GARIOA funds to import raw materials of vital importance to the German industry was explicitly forbidden.[1] At the time the U.S. still operated under the occupation directive JCS 1067 which directed U.S. forces to "…take no steps looking toward the economic rehabilitation of Germany".
In 1948, after three years of occupation the combined U.S. and UK expenditure on relief food in Germany stood at a total of close to $1.5 billion. Still, German food rations were deficient in composition and remained far below recommended minimum nutrition levels.[2] Officials in authority admitted that the distributed rations "represented a fairly rapid starvation level".[3] (see also Eisenhower and German POWs#American food policy in Germany shortly after the war)
The aid received by Germany through GARIOA was, just as the later Marshall plan aid, charged to the Germans. By 1953 West Germanys debt was over $3.3 billion. It was however decided in 1953 that West Germany only had to repay $1.1 billion. The amount was repaid by 1971.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Nicholas Balabkins, "Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945 - 1948", Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 101
- ^ Nicholas Balabkins, "Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945 - 1948", Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 107
- ^ Nicholas Balabkins, "Germany Under Direct Controls: Economic Aspects of Industrial Disarmament 1945 - 1948", Rutgers University Press, 1964 p. 107
[edit] External links
- "Marshall Plan 1947-1997 A German View" by Susan Stern
- U.S. Occupation Assistance: Iraq, Germany and Japan Compared CRS Report for Congress, Order Code RL33331
- Várdy, Steven Béla and Tooly, T. Hunt: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe Available as MS Word for Windows file (3.4 MB) Section: by Richard Dominic Wiggers, The United States and the Refusal to Feed German Civilians after World War II pp. 274 - 288
- The Road Ahead: Lessons in Nation Building from Japan, Germany, and Afghanistan for Postwar Iraq, by Ray Salvatore Jennings May 2003, Peaceworks No. 49, United States Institute of Peace
- America's Role in Nation-Building: From Germany to Iraq By: James Dobbins, John G. McGinn, Keith Crane, Seth G. Jones, Rollie Lal, Andrew Rathmell, Rachel M. Swanger, Anga Timilsina (RAND corporation)
- Oral History Interview with John W. Snyder Secretary of the Treasury in the Truman Administration, 1946-53.
- "Germany and the Political Economy of the Marshall Plan, 1947-52: A Re-Revisionist View" (with Albrecht Ritschl), in: Barry Eichengreen (ed.), Europe's Post-War Recovery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 199-245.
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