Gang of Four (disambiguation)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[edit] Politics and history

• In Chinese history, the Gang of Four was a group of Communist politicians based in Shanghai. They were among the main leaders of the Cultural Revolution. Most other references to a "Gang of Four" are named by allusion to this one.
• In East Asian history, the Gang of Four (or the Asian Tigers) refers to South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong as newly industrialized countries with shared economic characteristics.
• In British history, the Gang of Four were the four leading members of the Labour Party who left the party to found the rival Social Democratic Party in 1981. These were Shirley Williams, William Rodgers, Roy Jenkins, and David Owen. The party was intended to "break the mould" of adversarial British politics. It allied with the Liberal Party and eventually merged to form the Liberal Democrats. Originally Williams, Rodgers, and Owen were known as the "Gang of Three" until they and Jenkins became allied.
• In Australian politics, the Gang of Four was a term commonly used by the media to describe Democrat Senators Lyn Allison, Andrew Murray, Aden Ridgeway, and John Cherry, after they controversially toppled party leader Natasha Stott Despoja.
• In Papua New Guinea, the Gang of Four were four prominent civil service chiefs who had significant influence over public policy in the years after independence was granted in 1975. They were Sir Mekere Morauta, Sir Rabbie Namaliu, Sir Anthony Siaguru and Charles Lepani. Morauta and Namaliu later went on to become Prime Ministers of Papua New Guinea.
• In the politics of Seattle, Washington in the United States, the "Gang of Four" refers to Bernie Whitebear, Bob Santos, Roberto Maestas, and Larry Gossett, minority rights activists and later administrators who founded Seattle's Minority Executive Directors's Coalition.

[edit] Entertainment and leisure

• Gang of Four, the English post-punk rock band formed in the late 1970s.
• In comic books, the Gang of Four was a subset of the Oriental Heroes, a superhero group featured in a comic of the same name made in Hong Kong, and distributed by Jademan Comics. They consisted of Baldie (the leader of the group), Four-Eyed Ming, One-Eyed Draco, and Heartbreak Kid. All were practitioners of kung fu and qigong.
• In movies, the Gang of Four are the villains in the over-the-top violent Chinese film, Riki-Oh.
• Gang of Four is a card game based on the shifting politics of the Cultural Revolution period in Chinese history.
• Gang of Four (La bande des quatre), a 1988 French film directed by Jacques Rivette

[edit] Technology

• In software engineering, the Gang of Four (or GoF) are Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, authors of the seminal book Design Patterns.
• In wide-area networking, Gang of Four is a type of Local Management Interface (LMI), used with Frame Relay technology; the others are Annex A (CCITT) and Annex D (ANSI). The name comes from the companies who developed and adopted the standard for enhanced interoperability: Cisco Systems, StrataCom, DEC, and Nortel Networks.
• In Australian telecommunications, the Gang of Four refers to the peering arrangement between Telstra, Optus, MCI and AAPT.