Gandalf Technologies
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Gandalf Technologies, or simply Gandalf, was an early data communications company, best known for their modems and terminal adaptors that allowed computer terminals to connect to a number of host computers through a single interface. The name Gandalf became synonymous with modem in the Soviet Union and a few other countries. Galdalf also pioneered a radio-based mobile data terminal that was popular for many years in taxi dispatch systems. The rapid rise of TCP/IP relegated many of Galdalf's products to niche status, and the company eventually went bankrupt in 1997.
[edit] History
Gandalf was originally formed by Desmond Cunningham and Colin Patterson (not to be confused with the hockey player of the same name) in 1971, and started business from the lobby of the Four Seasons Hotel on Albert Street in Ottawa.
The company's first products were industrial-looking half-bridges for remote terminals which were supported by large terminal multiplexers on the "computer end". Gandalf referred to these systems as a "PACX", in analogy to the telephony PABX which provided similar services in the voice field. These systems allowed the user to "dial up" the Gandalf box and then instruct it what computer they wanted to connect to. In this fashion, large computer networks could be built in a single location using shared resources, as opposed to having to dedicate terminals to different machines. These systems were particularly popular in large companies and universities.
Gandalf supplanted these systems with "true" modems, both for host-to-host use and for telecommuters. Unlike most modems, Gandalf's devices were custom systems intended to connect only to another Gandalf modem, and were designed to extract the maximum performance possible. They sold a number of different designs intended to be used with different line lengths and qualities, from 4-wire modems running at 9600 bps over "short" distances (bumped to 19,200 bps in later models), to 2400 bps models for 2-wire runs over longer distances. On the host-end, modem blocks could be attached to the same PACX multiplexers, making local and remote access largely identical.
With the introduction of low-cost high-speed modems in the early 1990s, Gandalf increasingly became irrelevant. Even their highest-speed solutions were soon being outperformed by standardized systems like v.32bis. Low-cost terminal adapters based on RADIUS (and similar) technologies connecting to Ethernet further eroded their core businesses, offering features similar to their PACX switches. Gandalf's solutions were decidedly "low tech"; users selected what computer they wanted to connect to by selecting a two-digit number on the front of the modem, often requiring a "phone book" if more than one host computer was being used. In comparison, the more modern terminal adaptors generally included a command line interface that allowed the user to select a host from a directory that appeared on their terminal. Introductions of Ethernet concentrators and ISDN-based versions of their earlier host adaptors did little to fix the problem, never becoming very popular in comparison to the standardized solutions from other vendors.
The company failed and went bankrupt in 1997. Newbridge Networks purchased their data routing efforts and turned it into a successful product line. Mitel purchased the rest of the company and used its data technology and personnel to help move its PBX division into the VoIP market. Mitel tried to keep some Gandalf data products in the market for a short time, but poor sales led to them being abandoned.
[edit] Building Legacy
The impressive new Gandalf headquarters building at 130 Colonnade Road in Nepean, South of Ottawa was taken over by Nortel. When the fortunes of Nortel took a bad turn the building came into the hands of the Government of Canada, which used it for Health Canada, and later for the Public Health Agency of Canada, when it was created in 2004.
