Funnel-web tarantula
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Diplura |
Funnel-web tarantulas (super-family Dipluroidea, family Dipluridae) resemble other mygalomorphs in having downward stabbing fangs and two pairs of booklungs.
They are characterized by not having a rastellum (closely spaced parallel ridges) on each of their chelicerae. Their carapace is characterized by the head region not being higher than the thoracic region. They have a thoracic groove that is a circular pit. Their anterior spinnerets (silk-extruding organs) are very much shorter than their posterior spinnerets, which have three segments of about equal length.
Members of this family often build rather messy funnel-webs and have very long spinnerets. Some build silk-lined burrows instead of webs. Most of the species are medium to small sized spiders. The highly venomous genus Atrax used to be placed in this family, but is now in the Hexathelidae. The common genus in the United States is Euagrus, which builds its webs under stones in wet canyons. It is fairly abundant in such areas as the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona.
Diplurids can be very common in banks and road cuts in the tropics, such as in Trinidad. It is not known how venomous this family of spiders is, but it is probably wise to avoid direct contact with the larger members.
[edit] Genera
The grouping into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan.[1]
- Diplurinae Simon, 1889
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- Clostes Menge, 1869 † (fossil)
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- Clostes priscus (Menge, 1869) †
- Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850 (South America, Cuba)
- Harmonicon F. O. P-Cambridge, 1896 (French Guiana, Brazil)
- Linothele Karsch, 1879 (South America)
- Trechona C. L. Koch, 1850 (South America)
- Euagrinae Raven, 1979
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- Allothele Tucker, 1920 (Africa)
- Australothele Raven, 1984 (Australia)
- Caledothele Raven, 1991 (Australia)
- Carrai Raven, 1984 (New South Wales)
- Cethegus Thorell, 1881 (Australia)
- Euagrus Ausserer, 1875 (Southern USA to Costa Rica, South Africa, Taiwan)
- Microhexura Crosby & Bishop, 1925 (USA)
- Namirea Raven, 1984 (Australia)
- Phyxioschema Simon, 1889 (Central Asia)
- Stenygrocercus Simon, 1892 (New Caledonia)
- Ischnothelinae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897
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- Andethele Coyle, 1995 (Peru)
- Indothele Coyle, 1995 (India)
- Ischnothele Ausserer, 1875 (Mexico to Argentina, Caribic, India)
- Lathrothele Benoit, 1965 (Africa)
- Thelechoris Karsch, 1881 (Africa, Madagascar)
- Masteriinae Simon, 1889
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- Chilehexops Coyle, 1986 (Chile, Argentina)
- Masteria L. Koch, 1873 (Caribic, Central and South America, Oceania, Australia)
- Striamea Raven, 1981 (Colombia)
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- Leptothele Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 (Thailand)
- Troglodiplura Main, 1969 (Australia)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
