Fully Automatic Time
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Fully Automatic Time is used when timing sporting events, most commonly athletics (Track & Field), Horse Racing, Dog Racing, or anything with a start/finish line. Also known as FAT or Fully Automatic Timing, it requires the use of a sensor attached to the starting device used to start the clock, and an evaluation of an image to determine a time. Any method involving a human starting or stopping the timing device manually cannot claim to be a true FAT system.
Methods used in the Olympics and other events use a Digital Line-Scan Camera. This camera has an image sensor only a few pixels wide. When the sensor is placed on the finish line (commonly painted white or some other color), the camera scans the line at anywhere from 100-10,000 lines per second depending on the operator setting, assigns a time to each scan, then assembles the scans in time-order to form an image that can be evaluated using a variety of proprietary software that comes with the timing system.
Video-based systems also exist; however, they cost less due to the limitation that VHS and SVHS frame rates have in relation to timing every hundredth of a second.
[edit] FAT in athletics
According to the IAAF, any national, world, or Olympic record, or qualifying time for Olympic Games or World Championships, set in a sprint event must be timed by a FAT system to be valid.
International rules also stipulate that 0.24 seconds be added to any hand-timed mark in the 100m or 200m event, and 0.14 seconds to any hand-timed mark in the 400m event.