Full-frame digital SLR

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A full-frame digital SLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera fitted with an image sensor that is the same size as a 35 mm negative.[1][2] This is in contrast to cameras with smaller sensors, typically of a size equivalent to APS-C-size film, much smaller than a full 35 mm frame. As of 2007 the majority of digital cameras, both compact and SLR models, use a smaller-than-35 mm frame, as it is easier and cheaper to manufacture imaging sensors at a smaller size. Historically, the earliest digital SLR models, such as the Kodak DCS-100, also used a smaller sensor.

When a lens designed for a full frame is mounted on a smaller-than-full-frame camera, only the center of the imaging area is captured. The edges are cropped off, which has the effect of zooming in on the center section of the imaging area. The ratio of the size of the captured image to the size of the full-frame 35-mm format is known as the "crop factor" or "focal-length multiplier", and is typically in the range 1.3–2.0 for non-full-frame digital SLRs.

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[edit] Other uses of full-frame

[edit] CCD image sensor architectures

The term full-frame is also used to refer to a type of charge-coupled device sensor techology in which the sensor elements occupy the entire sensor surface rather than sharing space with associated pixel storage sites.[3][4]

The use of full-frame CCDs is typically restricted to digital SLRs since they require the use of a mechanical shutter and do not output a continuous image. The two uses of the term full-frame are not otherwise related.

[edit] 135 film cameras

In 35-mm (135 film) cameras, the terms full-frame and half-frame were used to distinguish the 24×36-mm and 18×24-mm film formats;[5] the half-frame 35-mm–film format is also known as single-frame in movie film, and as a result, full-frame film cameras were sometimes known as double-frame.[6]

[edit] Available full-frame digital SLRs

The Nikon E2/E2n and E3/E3s digital SLRs, which were Nikon's first entry into the field of professional digital photography, used a reduction optical system to compress a full 35mm visual field onto a smaller digital sensor. They were not therefore full-frame digital SLRs, although in common with full-frame digital SLRs they had no crop factor. [1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Nigel Atherton, Steve Crabb, Tim Shelbourne (2006). An Illustrated A to Z of Digital Photography: People And Portraits. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc. ISBN 288479087X. 
  2. ^ Ross Hoddinott (2006). Digital Macro Photography. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc. ISBN 1861084528. 
  3. ^ Albert J. P. Theuwissen (1995). Solid-State Imaging with Charge-Coupled Devices. Springer. ISBN 0792334566. 
  4. ^ Patrick Martínez and Alain Klotz (1998). A Practical Guide to CCD Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521590639. 
  5. ^ Frances E. Schultz and Roger Hicks (2003). Rangefinder: Equipment, History, Techniques. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc. ISBN 1861083300. 
  6. ^ Leslie D. Stroebel and Richard D. Zakia, editors (1996). Focal Encyclopedia of Photography. Focal Press. ISBN 0240514173. 
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