French Fifth Republic
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The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the ashes of the French Fourth Republic, replacing a parliamentary government with a semi-presidential system.
See Government of France for a discussion of the current workings of the French government and Politics of France for a discussion of current politics.
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[edit] Foundation by Charles de Gaulle
The impetus behind the creation of the Fifth Republic was the Algerian Crisis. Although France had since parted with many of its colonies, such as many of those in West Africa and Southeast Asia, it still retained Algeria, which had a large French population that opposed decolonization. Algeria eventually became independent on July 5, 1962, despite the efforts of a handful of intransigent officers of the anti-decolonization movement. De Gaulle publicly condemned their terroristic acts on Algeria and France alike, arranging a peace with the Algerian nationalist rebels. Finally, France had acquired the stability that its voters clamored for, and Algeria was independent.
Charles de Gaulle used the crisis as an opportunity to create a new French government with a stronger office of president, which had been largely that of a figurehead. French presidents, as in preceding constitutions, were given a long term (7 years, now reduced to 5 years) and currently still have more internal power than most of their European counterparts in parliamentary democracies. On September 28, 1958, a referendum took place and 79.2% of those who voted supported the new constitution.
The president was initially elected by an electoral college, but in 1962 de Gaulle proposed that the president should be directly elected by the citizens in a referendum. Although the method and intents of de Gaulle in that referendum were highly contested by most political groups except for the Gaullists, the change was approved by the French electorate. Given the runoff voting system used in the presidential election, the president of the Republic has a high degree of legitimacy, since he or she has to obtain a majority at either the first or second round of elections.
[edit] Fifth Republic: Presidents
| President | Born-died | from | to | Party |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charles de Gaulle | 1890-1970 | December 21, 1959 | April 28, 1969 (resigned) | UNR
then UDR |
| Alain Poher | 1909-1996 | April 28, 1969 | June 15, 1969 (interim) | |
| Georges Pompidou | 1911-1974 | June 15, 1969 | April 2, 1974 (died in office) | UDR |
| Alain Poher | 1909-1996 | April 2, 1974 | May 19, 1974 (interim) | |
| Valéry Giscard d'Estaing | 1926- | May 19, 1974 | May 10, 1981 | UDF |
| François Mitterrand | 1916-1996 | May 10, 1981 | May 17, 1995 | Socialist |
| Jacques Chirac | 1932- | May 17, 1995 | present | RPR
then UMP |
[edit] Fifth Republic: Prime ministers
[edit] See also
| Governments of France series |
|---|
| Gaul |
| Franks |
| Valois Dynasty |
| Bourbon Dynasty |
| First Republic |
| First Empire |
| House of Bourbon (restored) |
| House of Orléans |
| Second Republic |
| Second Empire |
| Third Republic |
| Vichy France |
| Fourth Republic |
| Fifth Republic |
- Politics of France
- Constitution of France
- timeline of the French Revolution
- French First Republic (1792 - 1804)
- French Second Republic (1848 - 1852)
- French Third Republic (1870 - 1940)
- French Fourth Republic (1946 - 1958)
