Free solo climbing

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Free solo climbing is arguably the purest form of climbing but also carries the highest risks. Free solo climbing (also known as free soloing) is a form of climbing whereby the climber (known as a free soloist) does not use any hardware such as ropes, harnesses or other gear during their ascent. Free solo climbing should not be confused with Free climbing, in which a climber uses aids such as a toprope for protection only (and not assistance in climbing): in free solo climbing, the climber has no protection whatsoever. For practical purposes, 25 feet off the ground is commonly considered free soloing. If a fall will almost certainly result in death or serious injury, that is free soloing. It is mostly practiced on routes that are familiar to the climber and where its difficulty lies well within the climber's abilities. However, inherent risks such as loose rocks or sudden change in weather are always present and fatalities are not unknown to the practice.

Yosemite climbing program manager and park ranger Mark Fincher said there has been only one confirmed death from free-soloing at the park, that of Derek Hersey, a high-profile free-soloist who died on Sentinel Rock in 1993. The challenge of free soloing single pitch routes is mainly the mental difficulty for the climber of staying focused on what he is doing. Free soloing should usually not be hard in a physical sense. This is not to say, however, that on longer routes unpredictable weather and rock conditions cannot create grave hazards for climbers. Hersey, though a master of solo climbing's physical and mental demands, is believed to have encountered rain during his fatal solo ascent of the 1000 meters Sentinel Rock.[1]

Another well-known practitioner, Alain Robert ("spiderman"), has scaled dozens of skyscrapers around the world — a sport known as buildering — and several mountains, without using any safety equipment.

Free soloing on seacliffs, where a climber falling into deep water may avoid injury, is known as deep water soloing - however, this should only be carried out at very specific sites which have been properly ascertained to be safe for the purpose. Otherwise, free soloing on seacliffs is viewed as particularly dangerous due to the unique combination of hazards such as loose rock, tides, submerged boulders, and difficulty of rescue.

Remaining close to the ground (typically below 25 ft.) and using protective mats is known as bouldering and is another, safer alternative.

Some of the driving forces in rock climbing and free soloing from 1900 to today: Paul Preuss, Henry Barber, John Bachar, Derek Hersey, Peter Croft, Alexander Huber, Dan Osman, Dean Potter, and Michael Reardon.

1 Sources
- 1.1 Footnotes
2 External links
3 Further reading

[edit] Sources

'Risk', Paul Roberts, Psychology Today, 24 December 1994
Edge of Oblivion - Free-solo rock climbers feel spiritual lure, Sheila Mulrooney Eldred. Fresno Bee, April 8, 2004 [2]
Ament, Pat (2001)."A History of Free Climbing in America"