Frederick II, Duke of Mantua
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Federico II of Gonzaga (May 17, 1500 – August 28, 1540), was the ruler of the Italian city of Mantua (first as Marquis, later as Duke) from 1519 until his death. He was also Marquis of Montferrat from 1536.
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[edit] Biography
He was a son of his predecessor Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua and Isabella d'Este. Educated at the French and Papal courts, he inherited the Marquisate from his father in 1519, initially under the regency of his mother and his uncles Sigismondo and Giovanni Gonzaga. He received the imperial investiture from emperor Charles V on April 7, 1521.
Despite his poor military experience, Pope Leo X named him Gonfaloniere (commander in chief) of the Papal Army, though a clause allowed Frederick to avoid fighting against the Empire, to which Mantua has been always traditional ally. Frederick therefore did not intervene when the Imperial troops passed through his lands in 1527, indirectly causing the subsequent Sack of Rome.
Frederick had signed a marriage contract with the heir to the Marquisate of Monteferrat, Maria Palaeologina, aiming to acquire that lands as the marquess Boniface IV of Montferrat was in poor health conditions. But, when Boniface seemed to recover, he set up an alleged plot from Maria against Frederick's mistress, Isabella Boschetti: this was sufficient to have the Pope cancel his contract. Frederick therefore signed another marriage contract with Charles V's aunt, Julia of Aragon. In lieu of this move, in 1530 he was granted the ducal title, whereby their dynasty became Dukes of Mantua. However, when Boniface died by a fall from horse on March 25 of that year, he paid 50,000 ducats to Charles in exchange of the annulment of the contract, and pushed the pope to return him to former marriage promise. When also Maria died, he was able anyway to marry her sister Margaret on November 16, 1531. At the death of the last legitimate male heir of the Palaiologos family, Giovanni Giorgio (1533), the marquisate went therefore to the Gonzaga, who held it until the 18th century.
Frederick was the commissioner of the Palazzo Te, as his summer palace, in the neighbourhood of Mantua.
Suffering from long of syphilis, which he had inherited from his father, he died in 1540 at his villa at Marmirolo.
[edit] Family and issue
Frederick and Margaret were parents to seven children:
- Eleonora Gonzaga.
- Anna Gonzaga.
- Francesco III Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (March 10, 1532 - February 22, 1550).
- Isabella Gonzaga. Married Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos.
- Guglielmo I of Gonzaga (April 24, 1538 - August 14, 1587).
- Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers (October 22, 1539 - October 23, 1595). Father of Charles I, Duke of Mantua.
- Federico, Cardinal Gonzaga (1540 - February 21, 1565).
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Coniglio, Giuseppe (1967). I Gonzaga. Varese: Dall'Oglio.
- Bignotti, Lorenzo (1984). La Zecca di Mantova e Casale (Gonzaga). Mantua: Grigoli.
[edit] External links
- Biography] (Italian)
| Preceded by Francesco II |
Duke of Mantua 1546–1540 |
Succeeded by Francesco III |
| Preceded by (Spanish occupation) |
Marquess of Montferrat 1536–1540 |
