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The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in Western Europe and that also comprises a collection of overseas islands and territories located in North America, the Caribbean, South America, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica. The French Republic is a democracy which is organised as a unitary semi-presidential republic. It has the seventh-largest economy in the world. Its main ideals are expressed in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. France is one of the founding members of the European Union, and has the largest land area of all members. France is also a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of La Francophonie, the G8, and the Latin Union. It is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council wielding veto power, and it is also one of eight acknowledged nuclear powers. With almost 75 million foreign tourists each year, France is also the most popular international tourist destination in the world.
Panoramic shot of the interior of the Panthéon, a church and burial place located in the Latin Quarter of Paris, France. Originally built as a church dedicated to St. Genevieve, the National Convention ordered it to be changed from a church to a mausoleum for the interment of great Frenchmen. Among those buried in its necropolis are Voltaire, Rousseau, Marat, Victor Hugo, Émile Zola, Jean Moulin, Marie Curie, and Louis Braille. Photo credit: Jean-Pierre Lavoie/Ravedave
The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (Vietnamese: Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ) was the climactic battle of the First Indochina War between the military forces of France and Vietnamese revolutionary forces called the Viet Minh. The battle occurred between March and May 1954, and culminated in a massive French defeat that effectively ended the war. Dien Bien Phu was "the first time that a non-European colonial independence movement had evolved through all the stages from guerrilla bands to a conventionally organized and equipped army able to defeat a modern Western occupier in pitched battle."
As a result of blunders in the French decision making process, the French undertook to create an air-supplied base, at Dien Bien Phu, deep in the hills of Vietnam. Its purpose was to cut off Viet Minh supply lines into the neighboring French colony of Laos, at the same time drawing the Viet Minh into a battle that would be their doom. Instead, the Viet Minh, under General Vo Nguyen Giap, surrounded and besieged the French, who were ignorant of the Viet Minh's possession of heavy artillery (including anti-aircraft guns) and their ability to move such weapons to the mountain crests overlooking the French encampment. The Viet Minh occupied the highlands around Dien Bien Phu, and were able to fire down accurately onto French positions. Tenacious fighting on the ground ensued, reminiscent of the trench warfare of World War I. The French repeatedly repulsed Viet Minh assaults on their positions. Supplies and reinforcements were supplied by air, although as the French positions were overrun and the anti-aircraft fire took its toll, fewer and fewer of those supplies reached them. After a two month siege, the garrison was overrun and most French surrendered. Despite the loss of most of their best soldiers, the Viet Minh marshalled their remaining forces and pursued those French who did flee into the wilderness, routing them and ending the battle.
Following the battle, the war ended with the 1954 Geneva accords. The accords partitioned the country in two; fighting later resumed in 1957 with the Vietnam War (Second Indochina War). Read more...
- ...that Gavroche, a character from the novel Les Misérables by Victor Hugo, lives inside an unfinished statue of an elephant in Paris?
- ...that Barnabé Brisson's 1559 De Verborum (frontispiece pictured) became the standard legal dictionary of the time and an authoritative source for lexicographers for centuries afterwards?
- ...that Ladurée, which sells 15,000 macaroons per day, (French macaroons pictured) opened a tea house in its Parisian pastry shop in the 1930s, to cater for society ladies, who at that time were not admitted to cafés?
- ...that Free French Forces liberated all of French Equatorial Africa from Vichy France in November 1940 in the Battle of Gabon?
- ...that Louis IX of France resided in the walled city of Villeneuve-sur-Yonne before departing on the Eighth Crusade, during which he died in 1270 near Tunis?
Suzanne Rachel Flore Lenglen (24 May 1899 – 4 July 1938) was a French tennis player who won 31 Grand Slam titles from 1914 through 1926. A flamboyant, trendsetting athlete, she was the first female tennis celebrity and one of the first international female sport stars, named La Divine (the divine one) by the French press.
Only four years after her first tennis strokes, Lenglen played in the final of the 1914 French Championships. The outbreak of World War I at the end of the year stopped most national and international tennis competitions, and Lenglen's burgeoning career was put on hold.
The French championships were not held again until 1920, but the Wimbledon Championships were again organised after a four year hiatus. Lenglen entered the tournament — her first on grass — and met seven time winner Dorothea Douglass Chambers in the final. The close match, later noted to be one of the hallmarks in tennis history, saw Lenglen saving two match points and winning in 10–8, 4–6, 9–7 to take her first Grand Slam victory.
Not only her performances on the court were noted, however. She garnered much attention in the media when she appeared at the Wimbledon with her dress revealing bare forearms and cut just above the calf, while all other players competed in outfits covering nearly all of the body. Staid Brits also were in shock at the boldness of the French woman who also casually sipped brandy between sets.
At the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp (Belgium), Lenglen dominated the women's singles. On her path to the gold medal, she gave up only four games. She then teamed up with Max Décugis to win another gold medal in the mixed doubles. She was eliminated in a women's doubles semifinal and won the bronze medal after their opponents withdrew.
From 1919 through 1925, Suzanne Lenglen won the Wimbledon singles championship every year with the exception of 1924. Health problems due to her asthma forced her to withdraw after winning her quarterfinal match. Lenglen was the last French woman to win the Wimbledon ladies singles title until Amelie Mauresmo in 2006. Read more...
April 3, 2007 - TGV makes 574.8 km/h on rails
A French Train à Grande Vitesse (High-Speed Train or TGV) has smashed the world record for a train on conventional rails by a big margin, reaching 574.8km/h (356mph) The TGV travelled over 59.8 km/h (36 mph) faster than its previous record of 515 km/h (320 mph).
The record attempt by a modified TGV took place on a track between Paris and the eastern city of Strasbourg. However, this is not the fastest train speed. A Japanese Maglev train (Magnetive Levitation Train) reached a top speed of 581km/h (361mph) in 2003. The TGV made history at 13:14 CEST (11:14 UTC). The TGV had been modfied and was called V150 - a TGV with larger wheels than usual and two engines driving three double-decker cars. The vehicle's horsepower was 25,000.
Reporters said the three train drivers were seen grinning on French TV after they realised they had broken the record. The TGV travelled almost as fast as a World War II Spitfire fighter at top speed. Even the electrical tension in the overhead cable was increased 6000 volts from 25,000 volts to 31,000 for the record attempt.
"We saw the countryside go by a little faster than we did during the tests," engineer Eric Pieczac said.
"Everything went very well. There are about 10,000 engineers who would want to be in my place," Mr Pieczac said. "It makes me very happy, a mixed feeling of pride and honour to be able to reach this speed." Since their introduction in 1981, TGVs generally travel at about 300km/h (187.5 mph) however, on the recently opened Paris-Strasbourg LGV (Ligne à Grande Vitesse or High-Speed line) trains will travel at 320 km/h (200 mph). Full story
March 19, 2007 - A380 makes maiden flight to US
The Airbus A380, the world's largest passenger plane, was set to land in the United States of America on Monday after a test flight. One of the A380s is flying from Frankfurt to Chicago via New York - the airplane will be carrying about 500 people. It is being billed as the first time it has carried a near-normal number of passengers, though most will be staff of Airbus and German airline Lufthansa.
A second A380 is also travelling to the U.S. on Monday, but without passengers. This will be branded as a Qantas flight and fly from Frankfurt to Los Angeles LAX airport. The first leg of the flight going towards New York will be travelling under a Lufthansa flight number, and is due to arrive at New York's John F. Kennedy airport at 12:30 EST.
March 17, 2007 - Rugby: France wins Six Nations
The France national rugby union team has won the 2007 RBS Six Nations Championship today, following their victory over Scotland at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. Earlier in the day, Ireland beat Italy at the Stadio Flaminio, Rome, and, following the France-Scotland match, Wales beat England at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff. Full story
March 11, 2007 - Jacques Chirac announces he will not pursue a third Presidential mandate
"I will not seek your votes for a new mandate." With these words, the President of France, Jacques Chirac (74) announced during a radio and television broadcast at 20:00 UTC that it's time for him to serve his country in a different way.
The announcement was widely speculated about and did not come as a surprise. The official announcement gives the candidate from the majority party UMP, Nicolas Sarkozy, more freedom during the next six weeks that remain before the Presidential elections in France. Although Sarkozy is from the same party as Chirac and hopes to receive an endorsement from him, the President has not yet expressed his support for a particular candidate to succeed him, and he did not refer to Sarkozy during any moment of his speech. Full story
After Russia, France is the largest country in Europe (643,427 km² with its overseas départements). The upper central region is dominated by the Paris Basin; fertile soils over much of the area make it good agricultural land. The Seine river flows through the Paris Basin into Normandy and out into the English channel. The Normandy coast to the northwest is characterized by high, chalk cliffs, while the Brittany coast (the peninsula to the west) is highly indented with deep valleys.
The center of France is traversed by the Loire river valley which empties into the Atlantic ocean. The Bay of Biscay ("Golfe de Gascogne") to the southwest is marked by flat, sandy beaches; the Garonne and Dordogne rivers flow west into the Gironde estuary which empties into the bay. To the south, the Pyrenees form a natural border between France and Spain, and the south-central part of the country is dominated by the ancient Massif Central. Subject to volcanism that has only subsided in the last 10,000 years, these central mountains are separated from the Alps by the north-south Rhône River Basin which empties into a delta called the Camargue.
From Spain to Italy stretches France's Mediterranean sea coast line (the Golfe du Lion); to the east this coast is often called the Côte d'Azur (in English, the "French Riviera"). A spur of the Alps called the Jura mountains rise in the east along the border with Switzerland, and the Vosges mountains which rise in the northeast separate the province of Alsace from the rest of the country. The Rhine river divides France from Germany. In the north, the Ardennes mountains line the border with Belgium and Luxemburg.
With a population of over 60 million inhabitants, France is the second most populous country in Western Europe (after Germany) and the 20th largest in the world. Paris is the most populated city in France with over 11 million people in its aire urbaine. The other largest cities in France (in descending order) are Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse, Nice, Bordeaux, Nantes, Strasbourg, Toulon, Douai-Lens, Rennes, Rouen, Grenoble, and Montpellier.
France is currently divided into 26 "régions"; 22 of these form metropolitan France, which includes the continental nation and the island of Corsica, and 4 are overseas. Régions are further subdivided into 100 "départements", including the 4 départements d'outre-mer (Overseas Departments") or "DOMs".
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Régions which are also départements d'outre-mer :
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Overseas regions
Cayenne (French Guiana) • Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe) • Fort-de-France (Martinique) • Saint-Denis (Réunion)
Overseas departments
Cayenne (French Guiana) • Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe) • Fort-de-France (Martinique) • Saint-Denis (Réunion)
France also administers several overseas collectivites and territories:
- 5 overseas collectivities ("collectivités d'outre-mer") Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Wallis and Futuna, Mayotte and (beginning in 2007) Saint-Barthélemy and the French part of Saint Martin.
- 1 sui generis collectivity ("collectivité sui generis") New Caledonia.
- 1 overseas "country" ("pays d'outre-mer") French Polynesia.
- 1 overseas territory ("territoire d'outre-mer") the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (composed of Île Amsterdam and Île Saint-Paul, Crozet Archipelago, Kerguelen, Adélie Land).
- 4 small coral islands and an atoll in the Indian Ocean with no permanent population and known as "Îles Éparses" ("Scattered Islands") Bassas da India, Europa, Juan de Nova, Glorioso, and Tromelin.
- 1 uninhabited island in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Mexico, Clipperton.
Modern France is the result of centuries of nation building and the acquisition and incorporation of a number of historical provinces into the French domain. The names of these provinces are still used to designate natural, historical and cultural regions, and many of them appear in modern région or département names.
| Major Provinces of France, with provincial capitals (Cities in bold had provincial "parlements" or "conseils souverains" during the ancien régime. The map reflects France's modern borders and does not indicate the territorial formation of France over time. Note: provinces on this list may encompass several other historic provinces and counties (for example, at the time of the Revolution, Guyenne was made up of eight smaller historic provinces, including Quercy and Rouergue)): | ||
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French is the official language of France, but each region in France has its own unique accent, such as the French spoken in Paris, or in the south (Meridional French) or in the region around Tours.
In addition to French, there are several other languages of France (sometimes called "patois") traditionally spoken, although use of these languages has greatly decreased over the past two hundred years.
In the north of France are languages from the Oïl language family closely related to French : Tourangeau, Orléanais, Bourbonnais, Berrichon, Bourguignon-Morvandiau, Champenois, Gallo, Lorrain, Norman, Franc-Comtois, Picard, Poitevin-Saintongeais, and Walloon.
In the south of France are languages from the Oc language family (or "Occitan"): Alpine Provençal, Auvergnat, Gascon (Ariégeois, Béarnais, Landais), Languedocien, Limousin, Nissart, and Provençal.
Nestled between these two groups are the Franco-Provençal languages (including Bressan, Dauphinois, Forézien, Jurassien, Lyonnais and Savoyard).
Other traditional languages spoken in France:
In addition to French, French-based creole languages are spoken in the "DOMs" and other traditional languages are spoken in overseas areas.
Because of immigration, France also has populations who speak Arabic (dialectal), Armenian (eastern), Bambara, Berber languages, Lao, Mandarin, Portuguese, Romany, Vietnamese and Yiddish.
French is also spoken by people in numerous countries around the world, including Canada, Haiti, Algeria, Morocco, Senegal, Guinée, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Benin, Togo, Mali, Niger, Chad, Cameroun, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Central African Republic, Madagascar, the United States (Louisiana, New England), Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Syria, and places in India (Pondichery).
Geography - Geography of France - Geography of France - Regions of France - Provinces of France - Subdivisions of France - Subdivisions of France - Overseas departments, collectivities and territories of France
- Coastlines: Atlantic ocean - Bay of Biscay ("Golfe de Gascogne") – Mediterranean sea (Golfe du Lion) - Côte d'Azur ("French Riviera") – English Channel
- Islands: Belle-Île – Corsica – Île d'Oléron – Ouessant – Île de Ré – Île d'Yeu - Réunion - Martinique - Guadeloupe - Saint-Barthélemy - Saint Martin - Saint Pierre et Miquelon
- Rivers and streams:
- Major rivers: Loire – Rhine – Rhône – Seine – Garonne - Gironde estuary - Dordogne – Meuse – Escaut – Saône – Marne – Moselle
- Other rivers: Adour – Charente - Aulne – Blavet – Hérault – Odet – Orb – Orne – Rance – Sèvre Niortaise – Var - Aisne – Allier – Ariège River – Aube – Cher – Doubs – Durance – Indre – Ill – Isère – Lot – Maine – Mayenne – Meurthe – Oise - Somme - Tarn – Verdon – Vienne – Vire – Yonne
- Canals: Canal du Midi – Canal de Nantes à Brest – Canal Saint-Martin – Briare Canal – Canal of Burgundy – Grand Canal d'Alsace – Sambre-Oise Canal
- Lakes: Lake Annecy – Lake of Bourget – Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) – Étang de Thau – Étang de Berre
- Mountains:
- Major Mountain ranges: Alps – French Prealps – Pyrénées – Massif Central – Jura – Vosges
- Other Mountain ranges: Aravis Range – Bauges – Belledonne – Chartreuse Mountains – Massif des Écrins – Vercors
- Mountain peaks: Mont-Blanc – Aiguille du Midi – Barre des Écrins – Ballon d'Alsace – Crêt de la Neige – Grandes Jorasses – Meije – Mont Aigoual – Mont Ventoux – Pic du Midi - Mont Pelvoux – Puy-de-Dôme (mountain) – Puy de Sancy
- Forests: Fontainebleau forest – Compiègne Forest – Paimpont forest – Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
- National parks and natural regions: Cévennes National Park – Écrins National Park – Mercantour National Park – Port-Cros National Park – Pyrenees National Park – Vanoise National Park – Boulonnais – Bresse – Beaujolais – Camargue – Pays de Bray – Sundgau – Vexin
- Major cities: Paris (Paris) - Boulogne-Billancourt – Lyon-Villeurbanne – Marseille - Aix-en-Provence – Lille – Toulouse – Nice – Bordeaux – Nantes – Strasbourg – Toulon – Douai-Lens – Rennes – Rouen – Grenoble – Montpellier – Metz – Nancy – Clermont-Ferrand – Valenciennes – Tours – Caen – Orléans – Angers – Dijon – Saint-Étienne – Brest – Le Havre – Le Mans – Reims – Amiens – Dunkerque – Perpignan – Limoges – Nîmes – Saint-Denis (Réunion)
- Other: Gardens in France - Cemeteries in France - Transport in France - Tourism in France - Conservation in France
History - History of France - History of France
- Historic Periods - Prehistoric France - Celtic Gaul - Roman Gaul - Frankish Empire - Medieval France - Early Modern France - Nineteenth century France - Twentieth century France
- Major Events - Hundred Years' War - French Renaissance - Wars of Religion - French Revolution - Franco-Prussian War - Dreyfus Affair - World War I - World War II - Vichy France - Algerian War - Military history
- Dynasties and Regimes - Merovingians - Carolingians - Capetian Dynasty - Valois Dynasty - Bourbon Dynasty - Ancien Régime in France - First Empire - Second Empire - Third Republic - Fourth Republic - Fifth Republic
- Monarchs of France - List of French monarchs - Charlemagne - Louis I the Pious - Charles II the Bald - Louis II the Stammerer - Louis III - Carloman - Charles III the Fat - Eudes (Odo) - Charles III the Simple - Robert I - Raoul (Rudolph) of Burgundy - Louis IV d'outremer - Lothair - Louis V the Indolent - Hugh Capet - Robert II the Pious - Henri I - Philippe I - Louis VI the Fat - Louis VII the Young - Philippe II Augustus - Louis VIII the Lion - Louis IX Saint Louis - Philippe III the Bold - Philippe IV the Fair - Louis X the Quarreller - Jean I the Posthumous - Philippe V the Tall - Charles IV the Fair - Philip VI of Valois - Jean II the Good - Charles V - Charles VI - Charles VII - Louis XI - Charles VIII - Louis XII - François I - Henri II - François II - Charles IX - Henri III - Henri IV - Louis XIII - Louis XIV - Louis XV - Louis XVI - Napoleon I - Napoleon II - Louis XVIII - Charles X - Louis-Philippe - Napoleon III
- Other Major Historical Figures - Catherine de Medicis - Cardinal Richelieu - Mazarin - Jean-Baptiste Colbert - Jacques Necker - Jean Jaurès
Culture and People - French culture - French culture - Museums in France - French people - Healthcare in France - Education in France - Education in France - Religion in France - Languages of France - Languages of France - French language - French cuisine - French cuisine - French wines - Archaeology in France - Basque culture - Breton culture
Politics and Government - Government of France - Government of France - French National Assembly - French Senate - French law - French politics - Politics of France - Military of France - Foreign relations of France - Flags of France
- Heads of State of France since 1871 - President of the French Republic
- Third Republic: Adolphe Thiers • Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta • Jules Grévy • Marie François Sadi Carnot • Jean Casimir-Perier • Félix Faure • Émile Loubet • Armand Fallières • Raymond Poincaré • Paul Deschanel • Alexandre Millerand • Gaston Doumergue • Paul Doumer • Albert Lebrun
- Vichy France: Philippe Pétain
- Free France: Charles de Gaulle
- Provisional Government: Charles de Gaulle • Félix Gouin • Georges Bidault • Léon Blum
- Fourth Republic: Vincent Auriol • René Coty
- Fifth Republic: Charles de Gaulle • Georges Pompidou • Valéry Giscard d'Estaing • François Mitterrand • Jacques Chirac
- Heads of Government of France since 1871 - Prime Minister of France
- Third Republic: Dufaure • de Broglie • de Cissey • Buffet • Dufaure • Simon • de Broglie • de Rochebouët • Dufaure • Waddington • de Freycinet • Ferry • Gambetta • de Freycinet • Duclerc • Fallières • Ferry • Brisson • de Freycinet • Goblet • Rouvier • Tirard • Floquet • Tirard • de Freycinet • Loubet • Ribot • Dupuy • Casimir-Perier • Dupuy • Ribot • Bourgeois • Méline • Brisson • Dupuy • Waldeck-Rousseau • Combes • Rouvier • Sarrien • Clemenceau • Briand • Monis • Caillaux • Poincaré • Briand • Barthou • Doumergue • Ribot • Viviani • Briand • Ribot • Painlevé • Clemenceau • Millerand • Leygues • Briand • Poincaré • François-Marsal • Herriot • Painlevé • Briand • Herriot • Poincaré • Briand • Tardieu • Chautemps • Tardieu • Steeg • Laval • Tardieu • Herriot • Paul-Boncour • Daladier • Sarraut • Chautemps • Daladier • Doumergue • Flandin • Bouisson • Laval • Sarraut • Blum • Chautemps • Blum • Daladier • Reynaud • Pétain
- Vichy France: Pétain • Laval
- Provisional Government: de Gaulle • Gouin • Bidault • Blum
- Fourth Republic: Ramadier • Schuman • Marie • Schuman • Queuille • Bidault • Queuille • Pleven • Queuille • Pleven • Faure • Pinay • Mayer • Laniel • Mendès-France • Faure • Mollet • Bourgès-Maunoury • Gaillard • Pflimlin • de Gaulle
- Fifth Republic: Debré • Pompidou • Couve de Murville • Chaban-Delmas • Messmer • Chirac • Barre • Mauroy • Fabius • Chirac • Rocard • Cresson • Bérégovoy • Balladur • Juppé • Jospin • Raffarin • de Villepin
- Third Republic: Dufaure • de Broglie • de Cissey • Buffet • Dufaure • Simon • de Broglie • de Rochebouët • Dufaure • Waddington • de Freycinet • Ferry • Gambetta • de Freycinet • Duclerc • Fallières • Ferry • Brisson • de Freycinet • Goblet • Rouvier • Tirard • Floquet • Tirard • de Freycinet • Loubet • Ribot • Dupuy • Casimir-Perier • Dupuy • Ribot • Bourgeois • Méline • Brisson • Dupuy • Waldeck-Rousseau • Combes • Rouvier • Sarrien • Clemenceau • Briand • Monis • Caillaux • Poincaré • Briand • Barthou • Doumergue • Ribot • Viviani • Briand • Ribot • Painlevé • Clemenceau • Millerand • Leygues • Briand • Poincaré • François-Marsal • Herriot • Painlevé • Briand • Herriot • Poincaré • Briand • Tardieu • Chautemps • Tardieu • Steeg • Laval • Tardieu • Herriot • Paul-Boncour • Daladier • Sarraut • Chautemps • Daladier • Doumergue • Flandin • Bouisson • Laval • Sarraut • Blum • Chautemps • Blum • Daladier • Reynaud • Pétain
Economy, Industry and Media - Economy of France - Economy of France - Economic history of France - French businesspeople - Companies of France - French trade unions - Communications in France - French media - French space program - French airlines
Visual and Plastic Arts - French art - French artists - French architecture - French art
- Historic periods: French Renaissance - French Baroque and Classicism - French Rococo and Neoclassicism - French art of the 19th century - French art of the 20th century
- Artistic Schools: Impressionism - Cubism - Surrealism
- Art museums and galleries: Louvre - Palace of Versailles - Musée d'Orsay - Centre Georges Pompidou - Musée Picasso - Musée Rodin
Literature - French literature - French writers - French literature - French poetry
- Historic periods: Medieval French literature - French Renaissance literature - French literature of the 17th century - French literature of the 18th century - French literature of the 19th century - French literature of the 20th century
Music - French music - French musicians - Music of France - French folk music - French rock - French hip hop and rap
Cinema - Cinema of France - Cinema of France - French actors - French film directors - French film producers - César Award winners - Cannes Film Festival
Theater - French theatre - French dramatists and playwrights - Theatres in France - Avignon Festival - Comédie française
Sports- Sport in France - French sportspeople - France at the Olympics -
- Football (Soccer): French football clubs - French footballers - Football in France
- Rugby (union): French rugby clubs - French rugbymen - Rugby union in France
- Tennis: French Open
- Cycling: Tour de France
- Motorsport: 24 Hours of Le Mans - French Grand Prix
- Ski resorts: Chamonix - Tignes - Val Thorens - Les Trois Vallées - La Plagne - Les Arcs - Courchevel - Méribel - Val d'Isère - Les Deux Alpes - Megève
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Members Candidates Potential candidates 1 Referred to by the EU as the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. |
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Other Wikimedia and Wikiportals
France on Wikiquote 
France on Wikinews 
France on Commons 
France on Wikisource 
France on Wikibooks
