Francis Dereham
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Francis Dereham (died 10 December 1541) was most famous for his affair with Queen Catherine Howard, fifth wife of Henry VIII of England. This affair lasted until Catherine was made Lady-in-waiting to Henry's fourth wife Anne of Cleves. Dereham was made a secretary at Hampton Court, possibly engineered by Agnes Tilney, dowager Duchess of Norfolk to silence him about their previous indiscretions. When this past life was brought to the attention of Thomas Cranmer by a member of the dowager Duchess's household, he reported them to the King in a letter, provoking an investigation resulting in the arrests of the dowager Duchess of Norfolk, the Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Culpepper and the Queen herself.
Under interrogation, Dereham admitting pre-marital affairs with Catherine, but claimed that they were never intimate after Catherine's marriage to the King. Furthermore, he claimed that he had been supplanted in her affections by Culpepper - this is interesting, considering the necessary secrecy of Catherine's relationship with Culpepper. Any incriminating documents were most likely burnt by Agnes, dowager duchess of Norfolk, as it is documented that she raided Dereham's coffers and destroyed letters. However, Cranmer was faced with the rumours of a pre-contract of marriage between Dereham and Catherine, which was effectively as binding as marriage itself, especially if the couple sealed the agreement with sexual relations. If this was true (there is no evidence to either prove nor disprove the allegation), Catherine's marriage to Henry would have been unlawful. A supposed love letter from Catherine to Culpepperhad been discovered, sealing her fate and all those implicated.
Dereham died a traitor's death at the Tyburn gallows, being hanged, drawn and quartered. Culpepper also died at Tyburn, but as he had been favoured by the King before his affair with Catherine, his sentence was commuted to beheading. Catherine was beheaded at the Tower of London. Agnes, dowager duchess of Norfolk was eventually released.
In a confession, in the form of a letter to the King, Catherine wrote the following regarding her relationship with Dereham:
"...Francis Derehem by many persuasions procured me to his vicious purpose, and obtained first to lie upon my bed with his doublet and hose, and after within the bed, and finally he lay with me naked, and used me in such sort as a man doth his wife, many and sundry times, and our company ended almost a year before the King's Majesty was married to my Lady Anne of Cleves [Henry's preceding wife] and continued not past one quarter of a year, or a little above..." Catherine Howard, November 7, 1541.
