Framingham, Massachusetts

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Framingham, Massachusetts
Location in Massachusetts
Location in Massachusetts
Coordinates: 42°16′45″N, 71°25′00″W
Country United States
State Massachusetts
County Middlesex County
Settled 1650
Incorporated 1700
Government
 - Type Representative town meeting
Area
 - Town  26.4 sq mi (68.5 km²)
 - Land  25.1 sq mi (65.1 km²)
 - Water  1.3 sq mi (3.4 km²)
Elevation  165 ft (50 m)
Population (2000)
 - Town 66,910
 - Density 2,663.6/sq mi (1,028.4/km²)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code 01701, 01702, 01703, 01704, 01705
Area code(s) 508 / 774
Website: http://www.framinghamma.org/

Framingham is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA and the only such named town in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 66,910, making it the most populous town in New England. The 2005 population estimate is 65,598. There have been several proposals to change the town's charter to make Framingham a city, but as of March 2007 none have succeeded.

Contents

[edit] Pronunciation

The first syllable of the name is pronounced with a long a; that is, the name of the town is pronounced exactly like the two words "framing" and "ham." (pronunciation)

[edit] History

Framingham was first settled in 1650 and was officially incorporated in 1700 on land formerly known as Danforth's Farms, after landowner Thomas Danforth, of Framlingham, England. Why the "L" was dropped for the new town's name is not known. Crispus Attucks, whose death was made famous in an etching of the Boston Massacre by Paul Revere, was born there. Peter Salem, another African-American was at the side of General Prescott at the Battle of Bunker Hill and is depicted in the famous John Trumbull painting.

Crispus Attucks, from Framingham, was the first African-American to be killed in the fight for American independence.
Crispus Attucks, from Framingham, was the first African-American to be killed in the fight for American independence.

Framingham has been at the center of rebellion on two occasions. Prior to the beginning of the American Revolution, Framingham had the largest contingent of Militia outside of Boston. In 1774, The British General Thomas Gage had sent spies out to survey the situation beyond Boston. Two spies, while having a drink in Buckminster Tavern, watched with foreboding as the local villagers mustered in the square. Their report back to General Gage was to avoid Framingham or be prepared for a fight.

In the years prior to the Civil War, Framingham was a hotbed for the Abolitionist movement. William Lloyd Garrison staged a large protest and gathering at Harmony Grove alongside Farm Pond near what is now downtown Framingham.

Framingham was also home to Christa McAuliffe, the first teacher in space, who died in the Challenger disaster. During the Post-World War II baby boom Framingham, like many other suburban areas, experienced a large increase in population and housing. Much of the housing constructed during this time consisted of split-level and ranch-styled houses. Christa McAuliffe lived in one of the many ranch-styled homes in Saxonville.

Framingham is famous for the Framingham Heart Study, as well as for the Dennison Manufacturing Company, which was founded in 1844 as a jewelry and watch box manufacturing company by Aaron Lufkin Dennison, who became the pioneer of the American System of Watch Manufacturing at the nearby Waltham Watch Company. His brother, Eliphalet Whorf Dennison developed the company into a sizable industrial complex, which merged in 1990 into the Avery Dennison Company, with headquarters in Pasadena, California, and active corporate offices in the town. Framingham is also known for the former Framingham Union Hospital, now the MetroWest Medical Center. Teacher Christa McAuliffe was raised in the town and went to Framingham State College. Framingham is home to the corporate headquarters for the Bose Corporation, TJX Companies, The Perini Corporation and Staples, Inc. In addition, the Massachusetts State Police and Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency are headquartered here.

[edit] Economy

Framingham's economy is predominantly derived from retail and office complexes. There are scatterings of small manufacturing facilities and commercial services such plumbing, mechanical and electrical expected to be found in communities of its size. Framingham has three major business districts within the town, The "Golden Triangle," Downtown\South Framingham and West Framingham. Additionally, there area several smaller business hubs in the villages of Framingham Center, Saxonville, Nobscot and along the rte. 9 corridor.

[edit] The "Golden Triangle"

The Golden Triangle was originally a three square mile district on the eastern side of Framingham, bordered by Worcester Rd. (Route 9), Cochituate Rd. (Route 30), and Speen Street in Natick. In the early 1993, the area began to expand beyond the borders of the triangle with construction of a BJ's Wholesale Club and Super Stop & Shop just north of rte. 30[1]. In now includes the original area plus parts of Old Connecticut Path., Concord St. (Route 126) and Speen St. north of rte. 30. Because of the size and complexity of this area, Framingham and Natick cooperatively operate it a single distinct district with similar zoning. The area is one of the largest shopping districts in New England.

This area was formed with the construction of Shoppers World in 1951. Shoppers' World was a large open air shopping mall, the second in the US and the first east of the Mississippi River [2]. This mall drew many other retail construction projects to the area, including Marshalls (1961, rebuilt as Bed, Bath and Beyond 1997)[3], Caldor (1966, Rebuilt as Wal*Mart in 2002)[4], Bradlees (1960s, rebuilt as Kohls in 2002)[5], the Route 30 Mall (1970)[6], the Framingham Mall (1978, rebuilt 2000) [7] and Lowes (formally the Verizon Building, 2006) [8]. Complementary developments in Natick include the Natick Mall (1966, rebuilt in 1991, expanded 2007 & renamed Natick Collection)[9], Sherwood Plaza (1960)[10], Cloverleaf Marketplace (1978)[11] and the Home Depot. In 1994, Shoppers' World was demolished and replaced with a strip mall[12]. There also seven hotels and two car dealerships, Framingham Nissan\Jeep and Long GMC\Pontiac\Hummer, located within the Triangle.

In addition to retail properties, there are large office developments located in the area including several companies headquartered in the triangle; the world headquarters of TJX is located at the junction of rte. 30 and Speen St, as is the main offices of IDG and IDC. Breyers, Leggat McCall, the American Heart Association and the American Cancer Society all have facilities in the area. Boston Scientific headquarters is housed in Natick, in the old Carling Brewery building and former Prime parkway complex. In all there are over a dozen large office complexes located in and along the borders of the Triangle.

[edit] Downtown/South Framingham

The Memorial Building, Framingham's town hall
The Memorial Building, Framingham's town hall

The downtown area is located between the "Y"-shaped traffic circle formed by the intersection of Concord St. and Union Ave., called Memorial Square, to the north and its mirror intersection at the junction of Irving St. and Hollis St. on the south end. The area is bisected by Waverly St. (Route 135) and the MBTA Commuter Rail tracks. The anchoring structure of Downtown is the town hall, The Memorial Building[13].

South Framingham became the commercial center of the town with the advent of the railroad in the 1880s. It eventually came to house Dennison Manufacturing and the former General Motors Framingham Assembly plant, but the area under went a financial downturn after the closure of these facilities during the late 1980s[14]. An influx of Hispanic and Brazillian immigrants helped revitalize the area starting in the early 2000s. Along with Brazillian and Spanish oriented retail shops, there are restaurants, legal and financial services, the town offices and library, an art museum, police headquarters, and the local branch of the Social Security Administration. Several Asian and Indian stores and restaurants add to the rich ethnic flavor of the area, and many small businesses, restaurants and automotive-oriented shops line Waverly St. from Natick in east to Winter St. in the west[15]. In addition, several retail and housing projects are in the planning stages or under construction[16][17].

[edit] West Framingham

The business section on the West Side of Framingham runs primarily along rte. 9, starting at Temple St.; it is dominated by two large office\industrial parks: the Framingham Industrial Park on the north side of rte. 9 and the Framingham Technology Park on the south side. Bose and Staples both have their world headquarters in these parks; in addition, Genzyme, Computer Associates, ITT Tech and the local paper, the Metrowest Daily News, all have major facilities located there. Half of Framingham's eight major auto dealerships are also located in West Framingham: Ford, Dodge, Toyota\Scion and Saab.

Large tracts of multi-story apartment and condominium complexes line both sides of rte. 9 from Temple St. to the industrial parks. These buildings represent the majority of Framingham's multi-family dwellings, and along with the business complexes, helped create a large network support services on the West Side: Framingham's second Super Stop & Shop supermarket, dozens of restaurants and pubs, Sheraton and Marriott hotels and a large day-care facility all are in the two mile section of rte. 9 from Temple St. to Ashland.

[edit] The Villages

Framingham Center is the physical and historic center of town. Formed at the at the junctions of Worcester Rd. (rte. 9), Pleasant St. (rte. 30), High St., Main St. and Edgell Rd.[18], the dominating presence is Framingham State College. The large, but compact school is home to several thousand students, about one third of which live on campus[19]. In the late 1960s, MassHighway replaced the grade crossing with a beetleback, destroying the south half of the old Center retail district. The remaining half houses several small stores, restaurants, realtors and legal offices. The old Boston and Worcester Street Railway depot, on the east side of the Center, was converted in to a strip mall in the early 1980s[20] and houses the Center Postal Station (01704) and several small stores. The Center is rounded out by One and Two Edgell Rd. (two small retail\office buildings), The Framingham Historical Society, several banks, a Brazillian restaurant, the American Medical Response paramedic station and McCarthy Office Building.

Nobscot, located at the intersection of Water St., Edmands Rd and Edgell Rd.[21], and Saxonville, located where Concord St., Water St., and Central St. intersect[22], are home to several small office buildings, strip malls and gas stations. Saxonville is the home of the former Roxbury Carpet Company buildings, now an industrial park.

[edit] Demographics

As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 66,910 people, 26,153 households, and 16,573 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,028.4/km² (2,663.6/mi²). There were 26,734 housing units at an average density of 410.9/km² (1,064.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town was 79.77% white, 5.09% black or African American, 0.17% Native American, 5.27% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.27% from other races, and 3.38% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.86% of the population. Brazilians have a major presence in Framingham. Documented results state that the number of Brazilian emigrants in Framingham is estimated 10,000-13,000, many undocumented.[23]

There were 26,153 households out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the town the population was spread out with 21.4% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 34.5% from 25 to 44, 22.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 91.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $54,288, and the median income for a family was $67,420. Males had a median income of $46,122 versus $35,941 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,758. About 8.0% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.4% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.[24]

[edit] Education

The town has thirteen public schools, a regional vocational high school and one charter school[25]. Framingham is also home to several private schools, three parochial schools, one Jewish day school, three colleges and several specialty schools. The Main office of the Public school system is located at the former King School on Water St. in North Framingham.

[edit] Preschool

  • BLOCKS Preschool (at the King Administration building)

[edit] Elementary Schools

  • Charolette A. Dunning
  • Potter Road
  • Hemenway
  • Brophy
  • Miriam F. McCarthy
  • Mary E. Stapleton
  • Paul F Barbieri, Jr.
  • Woodrow Wilson

[edit] Middle Schools

  • Cameron Middle School
  • Fuller Middle School
  • Walsh Middle School

[edit] High Schools

[edit] Colleges

[edit] Private or Specialty Schools

  • The Metrowest Jewish Day School[26] (at the Juniper Hill school, K-8)
  • St. Tarcisus (Private Catholic, K-8) [27]
  • St. Bridgets (Private Catholic, K-8) [28]
  • Marian High School (Private Catholic, 9-12) [29]
  • Christa McAuliffe Regional Charter School[30]
  • The Learning Center for the Deaf (K-12) [31]
  • The Wayland Academy (private, K-8) [32]
  • The Sudbury Valley School (private, K-8) [33]

The charter school, the McAuliffe Regional Charter Public School, is named after the teacher\astronaut and former resident Christa Ann McAuliffe who was killed in the Challenger disaster; The Sudbury Valley School is a specialty school that features alternative education methods. The Learning Center for the Deaf is a school to educate persons with hearing impairments; it features a residential program, facilities for people with both hearing and learning disabilities and many other facilities and programs.

Over the past few years Framingham has been upgrading its schools, it has replaced the former Cameron school with a completely new school and performed major renovations to Wilson, McCarthy and the high school. Two public school buildings that have been mothballed due to financial or population drops have been leased to the Metrowest Jewish Day School (at the former Juniper Hill Elementary) and Mass Bay Community College (at the former Farley Middle school). Several schools that were no longer being used were sold off, including Lincoln, Roosevelt and Washington. The McAuliffe charter school is housed in the former St. Stevens parochial school in downtown Framingham.

From 1963 until 1990, the town operated two independent high schools; Framingham North High School and Framingham South High School. The two separate high schools often competed with each other in sports, causing a fierce rivalry. Due to falling population, the two schools were combined at the campus of Framingham North, which was renamed Framingham High School. (The Framingham South High school building was made into the Fuller Middle School.)

The two high schools were were distinguished by their colors and mascots: North had the Spartans in yellow and green while South had the Flyers in blue and white. When the time for the merger of the schools came, the district held an election to determine the fate of the colors and mascots. The winning combination was to be the Spartans in blue and white, however alumni of the original Framingham High raised a protest that the town should revert to the original mascot and colors which happened to be used by Framingham South. The School Committee agreed with the alumni and overrode the students choice.

[edit] Points of interest

[edit] Parks

  • Butterworth Park is a park located at the corner of Grant St and Arthur St. The park occupies a square block near downtown. The park has a baseball field, bleachers,. There is street parking available on three sides.
  • Winch Park is the sister park to Butterworth and is located in Saxonville adjacent to the Framingham High School.
  • Bowditch Field located on Union Avenue midway between Downtown and Framingham Center is the Athletic Facility for the town. The football stadium includes permanent bleachers on both sides of the field. Bowditch, along with Butterworth and Winch Parks, were all built during the Great Depression of the 1930s as WPA projects.
  • Danforth Park located on Danforth Street, not far from the Wayland town line. The small park has playground with a half basketball court and a small kickball field.
  • Framingham Common is located in Framingham Center in front of the old Town Hall along Edgell Rd and Vernon St. It features the town Christmas Tree and an outdoor stage used for concerts and other fair weather events. It is a favorite of the students of Framingham State College.
  • Callahan State Park is a large state park run by the DCR located in the northwest corner of town[34].
  • Cochituate State Park on Lake Cochituate has a small section in Framingham while Saxonville Beach is located on the north western shore of the lake[35].

[edit] Recreation

  • the Nobscot Mountain Reservation belonging to the Knox Trail Council of the Boy Scouts of America is open to the public during most of the year, but is a private facility.
  • The town has several public beaches located throughout the area. They are Saxonville beach on Lake Cochituate, Washakum Beach on Lake Washakum and the beach at Learned Pond.
  • Garden in the Woods, operated by the New England Wildflower society, is a botanical garden that features the largest landscaped collection of wildflowers in New England. It is located in Nobscot, off of Hemenway Rd.

Framingham features dozens of athletic fields, gathering places and civic facilities that are spread throughout the town in schools and public parks.[36]

[edit] Two separate communities

The town of Framingham is frequently seen as two distinct communities, divided by MA Route 9, which passes east-to-west through the middle of the town. South Framingham includes Downtown Framingham (the town government seat), Coburnville, Lokerville and Salem End Road. North Framingham, located north of Rte. 9, includes the neighborhoods of Nobscot, Ridgefield and Saxonville plus Framingham Center (the physical center of town, featuring the town commons).

[edit] Retail and Business

The eastern half of South Framingham is the former retail and manufacturing hub of town. Originally housing Dennison Manufacturing and the former General Motors Framingham Assembly plant, the area under went a financial down turn after the closure of these facilities. Additionally the Downtown area, historically the retail section of town, underwent a period where many older businesses either relocated or closed, leaving many store fronts empty or filled with less desirable tenants. This was due to the opening of several malls along rte. 9 and rte. 30 from the 1950's to the 1970's. In addition a large rail crossing and train yard would often snarl traffic in the area, making travel difficult which caused many to avoid the area. Compounding these issues was, and still is, the presence of MCI Framingham and the South Middlesex Corrections Center. These factors all contributed to the idea that the area had a less than desirable reputation. The western side of South Framingham mainly consists of large apartment complexes, office parks and car dealerships. Staples has its world headquarters in Framingham Technology Park on the West Side.

The eastern side of North Framingham now contains much of the town's retail area in a district called the Golden Triangle. This area, shared with Natick, MA, blossomed with the construction of Shoppers' World in 1953. Shoppers' World was a large open air shopping mall, the second in the US and the first east of the Mississippi River. This mall drew many other retail construction projects to the area, including Natick Mall (1960s), Sherwood Plaza (Natick, 1960s), Framingham Mall (1979) and Cloverleaf Marketplace (Natick, 1980). The area is now one of the largest shopping districts in New England, and also houses the world headquarters of TJX. The western side is home to the Framingham Industrial park, which features Bose and Genzyme as tenants.

Also, while Downtown saw only minor changes since the 1950's, many major renovations and civic improvements have been done and several new buildings are being planned or are under construction. Furthermore, the large influx of Brazilian immigrants has led to a revitalization of the business community in Memorial Square area. The former GM site is now an auction facility and Dennison's old buildings have been converted to a condo complex. The rail station has been moved, so there is less disruption to traffic flow.

[edit] Housing

Most of the housing in South Framingham is either single family houses on small lots (under half an acre), multi-family homes or apartments, additionally much of the town's low income housing is located south of rte. 9. There is an area of large, single family homes around Salem End Road on the West Side; to many residents of these more expensive properties there is a "disconnect" from South Framingham- the area is physically separated from most of the South Side due to a series of reservoirs and the Sudbury River[37].

North Framingham is seen as more affluent than South Framingham; originally mostly farmland, the north side gave way to large tracts of single family housing on large lots (over half an acre) after World War II. The village of Saxonville on the east side is an old mill area that consists of many Victorian houses, and is undergoing a large expansion of over six hundred new homes on a former gravel pit. The village of Nobscot on the western side has many homes that are valued above of the mean housing price for the region. While there are several small apartment complexes on the North Side, most have been converted to condominiums.

[edit] Recreation

While both areas have recreation facilities, North Framingham has the larger share; it is home to Callahan State Park, parts of Cochituate State Park, the Nobscot Mountain Reservation belonging to the Knox Trail Council of the Boy Scouts of America, Garden in the Woods and a large golf course. Many of the recreational facilities on the South side were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps during the New Deal, and are aging poorly. The Framingham Country Club is located along Salem End Road on the South Side.

[edit] Demographics

The Downtown Framingham area of South Framingham is home to large Brazilian and Hispanic populations, and North Framingham is home to a mainly white majority.

[edit] Government

Most of the town facilities are located in the downtown area of Framingham except the School Department, which is on the North Side, between Saxonville and Nobscot. Framingham State College, while physically just south of rte. 9, is considered to be in Framingham Center. The headquarters of the Massachusetts State Police and Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency are also in the South Side.

There was further division in 1997 when the town, due to its size and population, was required to implement five Zip codes. The original 01701 Zip code was was to North Framingham (USPS dictated because the the main post office has to be in the main Zip code), while South Framingham was assigned the new 01702 Zip code. Zip codes 01703, 01704 and 01705 were assigned to the local post office satellite branches in Saxonville, Framingham Center and downtown, respectively.

From the mid-1960's until the early 1990's, the town operated two independent high schools; Framingham North High School and Framingham South High School. The two separate high schools often competed with each other in sports, causing a rivalry which further divided the town.

Perceived divisions between the two continue to this day. In early 2005, many South Framingham town meeting members chose to vote down the proposed replacement of a branch library in North Framingham in the opinion that the Framingham main library, located in South Framingham, is adequate for the town's needs.

[edit] Notable residents

Christa McAuliffe, the planned first teacher in space, grew up in the town of Framingham.
Christa McAuliffe, the planned first teacher in space, grew up in the town of Framingham.

in Framingham

[edit] References in popular culture

  • Framingham is mentioned for having a Carvel factory in the episode titled "Da Boom" of Family Guy, though such does not actually exist (the town does have a Breyers, formerly Sealtest, ice cream plant, in the northeastern section adjoining the Mass Pike), and had been mentioned several times on Saturday Night Live both as a place name and as character names.
  • Framingham is also mentioned in the play "1776".

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Other Development in the Golden Triangle on Framingham\Natick Retail
  2. ^ History of Shoppers World on Massmomonets.org
  3. ^ The Marshals Mall on Framingham\Natick Retail
  4. ^ Caldor on Framingham\Natick Retail
  5. ^ Bradlees on Framingham\Natick Retail
  6. ^ History of the Rte 30 Mall on Framingham\Natick Retail
  7. ^ the Framingham Mall on Framingham\Natick Retail
  8. ^ The Verizon Building on Framingham\Natick Retail
  9. ^ The Natick Mall on Framingham\Natick Retail
  10. ^ Sherwood Plaza on Framingham\Natick Retail
  11. ^ The Evolution of the Cloverleaf Mall on Framingham\Natick Retail
  12. ^ Bid Adieu Shoppers World
  13. ^ Downtown Framingham Economic Development Strategic Plan on Framingham.com
  14. ^ Downtown Revitalization in Framingham plan on STEPPS.com
  15. ^ Shop Downton Guide on Framingham.com
  16. ^ Framingham Arcade reconstruction project designed Beals and Thomas
  17. ^ The Residences at Dennison Triangle on Framingham.com
  18. ^ Map of Framingham Center on HomeTownLocator.com
  19. ^ Framingham State College's home page
  20. ^ Boston & Worcester trolley on iougs.com
  21. ^ Shopping Nobscot on framingham.com
  22. ^ Shopping Saxonville on framingham.com
  23. ^ [http://www.mass.gov/envir/pdfs/sgconf_C5_bartonlini.pdf Transit Oriented Development in Downtown Framingham Proposal]
  24. ^ Demographical listings of Framingham on www.city-data.com
  25. ^ School listings on Framingham.com
  26. ^ The Metrowest Jewish Day School's web page
  27. ^ St. Tarcisus' web page
  28. ^ St. Bridgets' web page
  29. ^ Marian High's web page
  30. ^ McAuliffe Charter School's web page
  31. ^ The Learning Center for the Deaf web page
  32. ^ The Wayland Academy's web page
  33. ^ The Sudbury Valley School's web page
  34. ^ Callahan State Park on the DCR web site
  35. ^ Cochituate State Park on the DCR web site
  36. ^ Listing of public parks run by the Framingham Parks and Recreation Department
  37. ^ Sudbury Reservoirs on the DCR web site
  38. ^ (1967) Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Marquis Who's Who. 
  39. ^ Crispus Attucks- The Real Story

[edit] External links

[edit] Media

[edit] Culture

[edit] Education

[edit] Places of Worship


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