Formula BMW

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Formula BMW
Category Single seaters
Country/region International
Championships 4
Inaugural season 2002
Status Active
Constructors 1
Engine suppliers 1
World Final winner Flag of Germany Christian Vietoris

Formula BMW is a junior racing formula for single seater cars. It is positioned at the bottom of the motorsport career ladder alongside the longer established Formula Ford category. Like Formula Ford, it is intended to function as the young kart racing graduate's first experience of car racing. The new formula was created by BMW Motorsport in 2001, with the first of its four championships being inaugurated in Germany in 2002.

Contents

[edit] Origins

BMW has prior experience of junior formula racing, as a successful engine supplier in Formula Two and, more briefly, Formula Three in the 1970s. Its European F2 Championship program, which ran from 1973 to 1981, contributed to six drivers' titles in partnership with March.[1] The company ended its participation prior to its first entry into Formula One in the 1980s.

BMW returned to the junior categories in Germany in 1991, as the engine supplier to the Formula ADAC championship.[2] The first champion was Christian Abt.[3] It was in 2001 that BMW decided to significantly increase its involvement in the series; ADAC remained the sanctioning body, but BMW Motorsport devised the package of regulations and commissioned the new chassis. The new formula made its debut at Hockenheim in April 2002.[4]

Among the series' more notable teams was Team Rosberg, founded by former Formula One world champion Keke Rosberg, which entered the original Formula BMW ADAC in 1999 and continued into the all-new championship. The team took Rosberg's son, Nico, to the 2002 championship title in his rookie year.[5] By 2006, Nico Rosberg had progressed to Formula One.

Formula BMW has since expanded to encompass four championships across three continents. The German series was followed by a south-east Asian championship in 2003,[6] and series in the United Kingdom and the United States were launched the following year.[7]

[edit] Overview

Competitors benefit from BMW Motorsport's Education and Coaching Program, which is based at two Formula BMW Racing Centres at the Circuit de Valencia in Spain and the Bahrain International Circuit at Sakhir, Bahrain. The centres provide courses in race driving, chassis setup, fitness and nutrition, media management, and sponsorship searching.[8]

To be eligible to compete in Formula BMW, drivers must be at least 15 years old, and must not have competed in any international racing series other than karting. They must hold an International racing license no higher than Grade C.[9] (FIA International racing licenses are graded from A to D, with an additional super-license above Grade A.)[10] Competitors must take part in a Licensing Course at one of the Racing Centres.[11][12]

BMW also provides an annual scholarship for five young drivers in each championship, between the ages of 15 and 18, who are chosen through a selection process. It provides each driver with a budget of £35,000 in the UK,[13] US$50,000 in Asia and US$40,000 in the USA.[14]

The best drivers from each championship are invited to the Formula BMW World Final, which takes place at one of the Formula BMW Racing Centres in December of each year. The 2006 event was held at Valencia. It is comprised of a series of elimination heats followed by a final race. The winner is awarded a Formula One test with BMW-Sauber.[15]

[edit] Technical information

The Formula BMW FB02, built by Mygale
The Formula BMW FB02, built by Mygale

Formula BMW is what is sometimes referred to as a "slicks and wings" formula, which describes the use of slick tires and downforce-generating wings at the front and rear. The addition of wings results in cornering speeds that are faster than that which is achieved by the wingless Formula Ford cars and comparable to Formula Renault, and provides drivers with valuable first-time experience of the unique characteristics of aerodynamic downforce.

Formula BMW is strictly a "control" formula. This term describes a formula in which every major aspect of equipment and suppliers is restricted. Control formulae normally have only one chassis specification, one engine, and single suppliers of tires and fuel. Modifications to the chassis, bodywork and engine are not permitted and this is strictly enforced through scrutineering. In the case of Formula BMW, tuning is restricted to basic adjustment of the gear ratios, suspension, brake balance and wing angles.[16][17] The engines are sealed to prevent illegal modifications and are serviced by Schnitzer Motorsport.[18]

Designworks/USA, a subsidiary of BMW, led the design of the car in cooperation with the French chassis constructor Mygale, which is responsible for production.[19] The result, designated FB02, is a compact design, with a carbon-fibre composite tub constructed to the safety standards of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (motorsport's world governing body). The bodywork is made from a kevlar composite.[20] At 3.975m (156.5in) in length, it is larger than a Formula Ford 1600, and slightly smaller than a Formula Renault 2000.

The engine was sourced from BMW's motorcycle division: it is a near-standard K1200RS motorcycle engine, in an inline four-cylinder configuration, with a capacity of 1171cc, and a power output of 140hp. Drive is through a single-plate clutch and a six-speed sequential gearbox, produced by Hewland. The complete car weighs 455kg without fuel and driver.[21]

[edit] Sporting regulations

As part of the effort to tightly control costs, Formula BMW follows the lead set by most junior single seater formulae by strictly limiting testing. During the season, teams and drivers are primarily limited to a small number of official test days, the cost of which is reimbursed by the series organisers. The teams are allowed to test at circuits that do not host championship events, provided they do not use a driver that competes in the championship. On-board data-loggers are used to monitor each team's on-track activity between race weekends, and illegal running is likely to incur a fine or suspension.[22]

Each chassis is subject to safety inspections by the scrutineers, and may be replaced only if it is deemed necessary due to irreparable accident damage. If this occurs after a qualifying session, that driver's times have to be annulled and the driver must start at the back of the grid. Spare cars (second cars for use in the event of a problem with the first car) are not permitted.[23] At the end of each session or race, the cars have to be submitted to the scrutineers under Parc fermé conditions.[24]

The use of treaded rain tires in place of the normal slick tires is permitted only when the race director deems it necessary in any given session or race, and he reserves the right to mandate their use when conditions are severe.[25] For safety reasons, the pitlane is subject to a 60km/h (37.5mph) speed limit, violation of which will result in a drive-through penalty.[26] Drivers must wear FIA-specification helmets and use the Head And Neck Support (HANS) restraint system.[27]

Each race begins with a formation lap behind the safety car, prior to the start itself. During this lap, the drivers must maintain position and not perform dangerous actions such as brake-testing, excessive weaving, and practice starts.[28]

[edit] Event schedule

Each weekend begins with a 40-minute free practice session, except at events that support a Formula One Grand Prix, where the schedule is subject to change. Each race is preceded by a 20-minute qualifying session, in which competitors must set a time within 130% of the fastest time in order to qualify for the race. The time set in the qualifying session determines the driver's starting position for the race. If only one qualifying session can take place, each driver's second best time will determine his grid position for the second race. If no qualifying sessions can take place, the current championship standings will decide the grid for both races.[29]

Each race must cover a minimum distance of 60km (37.5 miles), with that figure determining the number of laps according to the length of the circuit. If the race duration exceeds 30 minutes, it will be stopped at the end of that lap. In the event of a race being stopped prematurely, full points are awarded if the race leader completed at least 75% of the distance, while half points are awarded if at least 50% is completed. If a race is stopped prior to half-distance, it will be restarted where possible.[30] Full points are awarded as follows:

Position  1st    2nd    3rd    4th    5th    6th    7th    8th    9th    10th 
Points  20   15   12   10   8   6   4   3   2   1 

The UK championship is comprised of ten rounds, with two races per round. The German championship previously ran for ten rounds, but was reduced to nine in 2006. The US championship has only seven rounds, each with two races.[31] The Asian championship is a little different: it used to run seven rounds with two races per weekend, but now has six rounds with four races per weekend at all bar one round.[32] Having fewer events, but with more races at each, helps to reduce transport and travel costs without reducing the number of races.

[edit] Championships

Nico Rosberg: 2002 FBMW ADAC champion
Nico Rosberg: 2002 FBMW ADAC champion

[edit] Germany

Formula BMW ADAC is sanctioned by the Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil Club e.V., Europe's largest automobile association. It was immediately popular with teams and drivers alike, attracting 32 entries in its first season.[33] 2002 champion Nico Rosberg joined the Williams Formula One race team in 2006 and the 2004 champion Sebastian Vettel became a test driver for the BMW Sauber team later the same year.[34]

The 2005 championship was decided in an appeal court, which penalised Switzerland's Sebastian Buemi with a 60-second penalty for a driving infringement. This handed the title to Nicolas Hülkenberg. In the immediate aftermath of the incident in question, both drivers had been given 30-second penalties.[35]

The 2006 champion, Christian Vietoris, went on to dominate that year's World Final in Valencia, in which he secured pole position, finished in 1st place in all three qualification heats, and won the final itself.[36]

Since 2004, the ADAC championship has included a support event for the European Grand Prix at the Nürburgring.[37]

[edit] Asia

Formula BMW Asia was the second championship to be created. It was inaugurated in 2003 under the management of Motorsport Asia Limited,[38] and functioned as a replacement for Asian Formula 2000. Its creation is part of the growth in popularity of organised single seater motorsport in east Asia, and it forms the start of a career ladder below the Asian Formula 3 Pacific Series and Formula V6 Asia.

Events have been held at Sepang in Malaysia; Bira in Thailand; Sentul in Indonesia; and Shanghai, Zhuhai and Beijing in China. It has appeared on the support bill at the Malaysian, Chinese, and Bahrain Grands Prix.[39]

The current series champion is 16-year-old New Zealander, Earl Bamber, who was also the year's best rookie. The teams' title is held by Team Meritus.[40]

[edit] USA

The U.S. racing tradition of stock cars is supported by a career ladder that has many opportunities for oval and dirt track racing, with more limited opportunities for young drivers who want a single-seater career. That made Formula BMW's expansion into the U.S. motor racing scene a bold, but positive, development. As the number of young American drivers aiming for Formula One (rather than NASCAR) began to increase, there became a need for a starter series positioned between karting and Formula Ford 2000.

The series is sanctioned by IMSA, and it has appeared on the support bill for ALMS, Champ Car, Grand-Am, Indy Racing League and Formula One events. This season, it will be present at both the Canadian and US Grands Prix.[41]

The reigning BMW USA champion is 17-year-old Canadian, Robert Wickens. The 2006 Rookie of the Year was fellow Canadian Daniel Morad,[42] and the teams' champion was Italy's EuroInternational, which relocated to Indianapolis for the duration of the championship season.[43]

[edit] UK

The UK has a long history of national motorsport, and it has rarely lacked choice at this level. When Formula BMW UK was formed, it had to compete in a crowded marketplace with a number of series based on Formula Ford and Formula Renault regulations, together with smaller series such as Zip Formula. However, as with the other BMW championships, the UK series quickly proved to be a success. It attracted 25 entrants in its inaugural season in 2004, which increased to 28 the following season.[44]

Former Formula One and Indycar champion Nigel Mansell became involved as an ambassador for the series after his sons, Leo and Greg, began their single seater careers in the championship in 2006. He also works as a mentor with the BMW Education and Coaching Programme.[45]

The reigning drivers' champion is 20-year-old Niall Breen from the Republic of Ireland, and the current teams' champion is the experienced Fortec Motorsport.[46] The winner of the 2006 Rookie of the Year title was Henry Arundel.[47]

[edit] Drivers' champions

Formula BMW Drivers' Champions, 2002 onwards
 Year   Championship  Driver Team  Starts   Wins   Poles   F/laps   Points 
2006  Germany  Flag of Germany  Christian Vietoris   Josef Kaufmann Racing   18  9  9  3  277
 Asia Flag of New Zealand  Earl Bamber  Team Meritus   19  10  3  5  290
 USA Flag of Canada  Robert Wickens  EuroInternational 1   14  3  3  3  149
 UK Flag of Republic of Ireland  Niall Breen  Fortec Motorsport   20  9  8  4  304
2005  Germany  Flag of Germany  Nicolas Hülkenberg   Josef Kaufmann Racing   20  8  9  6  287
 Asia Flag of Bahrain  Salman Al Khalifa 3   Team E-Rain  14  6  7    172
 USA Flag of France  Richard Philippe  Team Autotecnica   14  3  6  5  151
 UK Flag of United Kingdom  Dean Smith  Nexa Racing  20  3  2  4  214
2004  Germany  Flag of Germany  Sebastian Vettel   ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg   20  18  14  13  387
 Asia Flag of People's Republic of China  Marchy Lee 3  Team Meritus  14  12      250
 USA Flag of Germany  Andreas Wirth  HBR/Powerslide Motorsport   14  4  2  5  201
 UK Flag of United Kingdom  Tim Bridgman  Private entry 2  20  3  1  3  230
2003  Germany  Flag of Germany  Maximilian Götz  ADAC Berlin-Brandenburg   20  6  4  6  259
 Asia Flag of People's Republic of China  Ho-Pin Tung 3  Team Meritus  14  10  12    225
2002  Germany  Flag of Germany  Nico Rosberg  VIVA Racing/Team Rosberg  20  9  2  1  264

1 Robert Wickens began the 2006 season with Apex Racing USA, before switching to EuroInternational.
2 Tim Bridgman competed in a small independent family-run team.
3 Some data not available for the FBMW Asia championship.

[edit] Race of Champions

In 2005, a special Formula BMW invitational event was held as part of the Race of Champions at the Stade de France in Paris. BMW invited one driver from each of the four championships: Canada's Robert Wickens from the USA; Nico Hülkenberg from the German series; Dean Smith from the UK; and Bahrain's Salman Al Khalifa from the Asian championship. Wickens was the 2005 Rookie of the Year in the US, and was up against the champions from the other series, but showed his potential by winning the event.[48]

[edit] Resources

F1prospects.com/FBMW
Forix.autosport.com
Formula BMW USA
Formula BMW UK
Asian Festival of Speed
Team Meritus
Formula BMW Regulations (2006)

[edit] References

  1. ^ BMW Racing History BMWworld.com. Retrieved March 3, 2007.
  2. ^ Formula BMW History FormulaBMWUSA.com. Retrieved on January 25, 2007.
  3. ^ Champions, 1991 Driverdb.com. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
  4. ^ 2002 FBMW ADAC calendar Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved March 2, 2007.
  5. ^ Team Rosberg History Team-rosberg.de. Retrieved January 23, 2007.
  6. ^ FBMW Asia is launched Autosport-atlas.com, December 4, 2002. Retrieved on January 25, 2007.
  7. ^ FBMW headed for the USA Autosport-atlas.com, September 26, 2003. Retrieved on January 25, 2007.
  8. ^ Guidance for Formula BMW drivers F1prospects.com, December 9, 2005. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  9. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.1 p.4
  10. ^ Appendix L to the International Sporting Code Retrieved March 2, 2007.
  11. ^ Jackie Weiss completes licensing course Freepressreleases.co.uk, August 15, 2006. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  12. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.3 p.5
  13. ^ UK Scholarship drivers chosen F1prospects.com, November 14, 2005. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  14. ^ FBMW USA announces Scholarship drivers F1prospects.com, December 13, 2005. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  15. ^ Holzer makes solid impression Autosport.com, November 24, 2006. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  16. ^ Chassis technology FormulaBMWUSA.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  17. ^ Technical specification FormulaBMWUSA.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  18. ^ Drivetrain technology FormulaBMWUSA.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  19. ^ Chassis technology FormulaBMWUSA.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  20. ^ Mygale product details Mygale-cars.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  21. ^ FB02 Technical data BMW-motorsport.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  22. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.10 p7-8.
  23. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.11 p8.
  24. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.15 p10.
  25. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.21 p12.
  26. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.19 p12.
  27. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 5.21 p37.
  28. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.24 p13-14.
  29. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.23 p12-13.
  30. ^ Formula BMW Regulations (2006) Article 3.27 p15.
  31. ^ FBMW USA 2007 race schedule Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
  32. ^ FBMW Asia Homepage AFOS.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  33. ^ FBMW ADAC 2002 participations Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved on January 25, 2007.
  34. ^ FBMW ADAC 2004 Drivers' Championship Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  35. ^ Hülkenberg is awarded title F1prospects.com, November 7, 2005. Retrieved on January 25, 2007.
  36. ^ Vietoris wins World Final BMW-motorsport.com, November 26, 2006. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  37. ^ By comparison of dates and venues, using multiple reference sources.
  38. ^ Motorsport Asia - Company History AFOS.com. Retrieved on January 25, 2007.
  39. ^ By comparison of dates and venues, using multiple reference sources.
  40. ^ FBMW Asia 2006 Championship Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
  41. ^ FBMW USA event schedule FormulaBMWUSA.com. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
  42. ^ "Formula BMW 2006 Season Review" BMW Media Information, November 2006.
  43. ^ EuroInternational in World Final F1prospects.com, December 12, 2005. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  44. ^ 2005 FBMW UK Participations Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
  45. ^ Mansell to help future F1 stars F1prospects.com, May 16, 2006. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
  46. ^ FBMW UK 2006 Forix.autosport.com. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
  47. ^ "Formula BMW 2006 Season Review" BMW Media Information, November 2006.
  48. ^ Wickens wins Race of Champions shoot-out F1prospects.com, December 5, 2005. Retrieved on January 20, 2007.
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