Fork etiquette

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In Western etiquette, there are two primary styles for using a knife and fork while eating. The style used mostly in the United States of America, which sometimes called the zigzag method, differs from the style mostly used in Europe and British Commonwealth countries.

Contents 1 American style 1.1 Variations 2 European style 3 Placement of forks

[edit] American style

The knife is held in the right hand and the fork in the left. Holding food to the plate with the fork, a single bite-sized piece is cut with the knife. The knife is then placed towards the top and right of the plate and the fork transferred to the right hand, with the left hand falling to the lap of the consumer. The cut piece is then eaten using the fork, wielded in a 'spoon-like' manner rather than to impale the food. The process is then repeated as necessary. A left-handed consumer can retain the fork in the stronger hand, although the knife is still released. To avoid the constant switching of the fork, it is common to see some people cut up multiple pieces of food at once before switching hands and eating.

[edit] Variations

While cutting, the fork may be held upside down with the handle along the palm (hidden handle). Because most forks have a curve this will point the tines downward towards the food.

Depending on how soft the food is, some Americans choose to disregard the knife entirely, using a fork in their right hand and cutting their food by sawing with the edge of their fork.

[edit] European style

This contrasts with the European manner of constantly holding both knife and fork, in the right and left hands respectively, throughout consumption. The hand grasp is also different, in Europe it is considered better manners not to hold a knife or fork as one would hold a pen, but to have the handle running along the palm and extending out to be held by thumb and forefinger. This style is sometimes called 'hidden handle'. This method is also common in Canada and other former parts of the British Empire. In contrast to the American method of using a fork much like a spoon (tines up), the Europeans primarily use the fork with tines facing away from the user (tines down).

The cause of the difference in custom is uncertain. It is believed to have originated because the 16th century American colonists had established themselves before the fork, and any custom of its use, had become widespread in Europe. The implement did not become widespread in Europe (certainly northern Europe) until the 18th century, and was not adopted in the United States until the 19th century. The American use of blunt-ended knives was also a factor.

Another belief is that, as the frontier was a rough and ready place, the placing of the knife back on the table indicated to others that you had no intentions of hurting them^{[citation needed]}. The dropping of the left hand into the lap near a pistol or another knife, however, was an important safety precaution^{[citation needed]}.

[edit] Placement of forks

Tables are often set with two or more forks, meant to be used for different courses; for example, a salad fork and meat fork. Some institutions wishing to give an impression of high formality set places with many different forks for meals of several courses, although many etiquette authorities regard this as vulgar and prefer that the appropriate cutlery be brought in with each course.

It should not be necessary for the diner to distinguish between types of forks; forks are used in order from outside to inside, with the exception of oyster forks, which are placed on the right-hand side in the bowl of a spoon.