Force Océanique Stratégique
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The Force Océanique Stratégique (FOST, Strategic Oceanic Force) are the strategic submarine forces of the French Navy. Under command of ALFOST (the Admiral in charge of the FOST), they include:
- The four-SSBN Escadrille des Sous-Marins Lanceurs d'Engins (ESNLE, device launcher nuclear submarines squadron), the submarine component of the French nuclear deterrence
- The six-SSN Escadrille des Sous-marins Nucléaires d'Attaque (ESNA, nuclear attack submarines squadron)
[edit] History
The FOST was created in the early 1960s, around the need for France to operate her own nuclear deterrence. The creation took 13 years, with the challenges of creating nuclear reactors small enough to be fitted in submarines, design of ballistic missiles, design of nuclear warheads, and eventually integration of all the components with the construction of the Redoutable in 1972.
Five other SNLE (Sous-marin Nucléaire Lanceur d'Engin) have been commissioned since. In 1996, President Chirac decided the four-vessel size of the force. In the following years, this number was maintained by decommissioning the older SNLEs while the newer SNLE-NGs were commissioned.
[edit] Mission
The mission of the FOST is to have at least two SNLE at sea at any moment, capable of striking should the need arise.
[edit] Chain of command
The organic chain of command deals with the preparation of the units for their missions, which depends on the chef d'état-major de la marine (CEMM, chief of staff of the Navy).
The operational chain of command deal with the use and security of the forces. The are under the chef d'état major des armées (CEMA, chief of staff of the Armies).
As such, ALFOST is responsible for the planification of the movements of the submarines, of their control while at sea, and of transmitting the necessary orders.
The order to fire a nuclear missile comes from the President of the Republic personally.
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