Focale

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Reproduction wool focale, worn by a Roman re-enactor
Reproduction wool focale, worn by a Roman re-enactor

The focale was a scarf worn by the Roman legionary to protect the neck from chafing caused by constant contact with the soldier's armor (typically lorica hamata or lorica segmentata) and helmet.

The focale was probably a long strip of wool or linen, and knotted at the throat.